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Sampling Boltzmann probability distributions plays a key role in machine learning and optimization, motivating the design of hardware accelerators such as Ising machines. While the Ising model can in principle encode arbitrary optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Corentin Delacour , M Mahmudul Hasan Sajeeb , Joao P. Hespanha , Kerem Y. Camsari

The past decade has seen the emergence of Ising machines targeting hard combinatorial optimization problems by minimizing the Ising Hamiltonian with spins represented by continuous dynamical variables. However, capabilities of these…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Aditya Shukla , Mikhail Erementchouk , Pinaki Mazumder

Similar to algorithms, which consume time and memory to run, hardware requires resources to function. For devices processing physical waves, implementing operations needs sufficient "space," as dictated by wave physics. How much space is…

Optics · Physics 2025-01-20 Yandong Li , Francesco Monticone

Nature-inspired computation is receiving increasing attention. Various Ising machine implementations have recently been proven to be effective in solving numerous combinatorial optimization problems including maximum cut, low density parity…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Ahmet Yusuf Salim , Bart Selman , Henry Kautz , Zeljko Ignjatovic , Selçuk Köse

Silicon carbide is a promising material platform for hosting various color centers suitable for quantum information processing. Here, we report the design and demonstration of an integrated electro-optic modulator that can directly…

Optics · Physics 2025-02-13 Ruixuan Wang , Jingwei Li , Qing Li

We show that Oscillator Ising Machines (OIMs) are prime candidates for use as neuromorphic machine learning processors with Equilibrium Propagation (EP) based on-chip learning. The inherent energy gradient descent dynamics of OIMs, combined…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-08-19 Alex Gower

In this paper, we investigate a new index modulation (IM) scheme for reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted communications with 1-bit RIS phase resolution. In addition to the traditional modulated symbols, extra bits of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Ioannis Krikidis , Constantinos Psomas , Gan Zheng

Ising machines have emerged as promising platforms for efficiently tackling a wide range of combinatorial optimization problems relevant to resource allocation, statistical inference and deep learning, yet their practical utility is…

Optics · Physics 2025-10-03 Huaqiang Li , Guangfeng Wang , Erez Hasman , Bo Wang , Xianfeng Chen

Combinatorial optimization has wide applications from industry to natural science. Ising machines bring an emerging computing paradigm for efficiently solving a combinatorial optimization problem by searching a ground state of a given Ising…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-07-16 Kentaro Ohno , Tatsuhiko Shirai , Nozomu Togawa

Optical aberrations of optical systems cause significant degradation of imaging quality. Aberration correction by sophisticated lens designs and special glass materials generally incurs high cost of manufacturing and the increase in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Shuang Cui , Bingnan Wang , Quan Zheng

Sparse Ising problems can be found in application areas such as logistics, condensed matter physics and training of deep Boltzmann networks, but can be very difficult to tackle with high efficiency and accuracy. This report presents new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Kenneth M. Zick

The nearing end of Moore's Law has been driving the development of domain-specific hardware tailored to solve a special set of problems. Along these lines, probabilistic computing with inherently stochastic building blocks (p-bits) have…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Navid Anjum Aadit , Andrea Grimaldi , Giovanni Finocchio , Kerem Y. Camsari

Ising machines are emerging as a new technology for solving various classes of computationally hard problems of practical importance, yet their limits on structured SAT workloads, representative of numerous real-world applications, remain…

Increasingly, visual signals such as images, videos and point clouds are being captured solely for the purpose of automated analysis by computer vision models. Applications include traffic monitoring, robotics, autonomous driving, smart…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-25 Ivan V. Bajić

Coherent Ising machines (CIMs) have emerged as specialized quantum hardware for large-scale combinatorial optimization. However, for large instances that remain challenging for classical methods, some platforms support only finite-precision…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-25 Keming He , Yuehan Zhang , Hongshun Yao , Jin-Guo Liu , Xin Wang

Mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) plays a crucial role in artificial intelligence, biochemistry, finance, cryptography, etc. Notwithstanding popular for decades, the researches of MILP solvers are still limited by the resource…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-12 Hao Wang , Yu Pan , Wei Cui

As a quantum-inspired, non-traditional analog solver architecture, the analog Ising machine (AIM) has emerged as a distinctive computational paradigm to address the rapidly growing demand for computational power. However, the mathematical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-06 Langyu Li , Ruoyu Wu , Yong Wang , Guofeng Zhang , Jinhu Lü , Qing Gao , Yu Pan

Ising machines have emerged as accelerators for combinatorial optimization. To enable practical deployment, this work aims to reduce time-to-solution by addressing three challenges: (1) hardware topology, (2) spin selection and update…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Seungki Hong , Kyeongwon Jeong , Taekwang Jang

Resolution enhancements are often desired in imaging applications where high-resolution sensor arrays are difficult to obtain. Many computational imaging methods have been proposed to encode high-resolution scene information on…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-10-29 Kevin Beale , Jianbo Chen , Kevin F. Kelly , Justin Romberg

Ising Machines (IMs) are physical systems designed to find solutions to combinatorial optimization (CO) problems mapped onto the IM via the coupling strengths of its binary spins. Using the intrinsic dynamics and different annealing…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-06-04 Afshin Houshang , Mohammad Zahedinejad , Shreyas Muralidhar , Jakub Checinski , Ahmad A. Awad , Johan Åkerman