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Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are often assumed to allow continuous phase control over all elements, leading to hardware cost that scales with the number of elements. Treating the phase of each element as a discrete variable is…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-02 Tasuku Okamoto , Naoki Ishikawa , Daisuke Kitayama , Yuto Hama , Kensuke Inaba , Toshimori Honjo , Hiroki Takesue , Hiroyuki Takahashi

In VLSI physical design, many algorithms require the solution of difficult combinatorial optimization problems such as max/min-cut, max-flow problems etc. Due to the vast number of elements typically found in this problem domain, these…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-03-18 Chase Cook , Hengyang Zhao , Takashi Sato , Masayuki Hiromoto , Sheldon X. -D. Tan

Compressing resource-intensive large language models by removing whole transformer blocks is a seemingly simple idea, but identifying which blocks to remove constitutes an exponentially difficult combinatorial problem. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 David Jansen , Roman Rausch , David Montero , Roman Orus

Ising machines (IM) are physics-inspired alternatives to von Neumann architectures for solving hard optimization tasks. By mapping binary variables to coupled Ising spins, IMs can naturally solve unconstrained combinatorial optimization…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Corentin Delacour

Ising machines -- special-purpose hardware for heuristically solving Ising optimization problems -- based on probabilistic bits (p-bits) have been established as a promising alternative to heuristic optimization algorithms run on…

Applying quantum annealing or current quantum-/physics-inspired algorithms for MIMO detection always abandon the direct gray-coded bit-to-symbol mapping in order to obtain Ising form, leading to inconsistency errors. This often results in…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-02-25 Qing-Guo Zeng , Xiao-Peng Cui , Xian-Zhe Tao , Jia-Qi Hu , Shi-Jie Pan , Wei E. I. Sha , Man-Hong Yung

A degenerate optical parametric oscillator network is proposed to solve the NP-hard problem of finding a ground state of the Ising model. The underlying operating mechanism originates from the bistable output phase of each oscillator and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-17 Zhe Wang , Alireza Marandi , Kai Wen , Robert L. Byer , Yoshihisa Yamamoto

Many combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) are naturally expressed using variables that take on more than two discrete values. To solve such problems using Ising machines (IMs) - specialized analog or digital devices designed to solve…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-08-06 Robbe De Prins , Guy Van der Sande , Peter Bienstman , Thomas Van Vaerenbergh

The coherent Ising machine is expected to find a near-optimal solution in various combinatorial optimization problems, which has been experimentally confirmed with optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) and a field programmable gate array…

Quantum error correction is an essential ingredient for reliable quantum computation for theoretically provable quantum speedup. Topological color codes, one of the quantum error correction codes, have an advantage against the surface codes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-02 Yugo Takada , Yusaku Takeuchi , Keisuke Fujii

Optimal MIMO detection has been one of the most challenging and computationally inefficient tasks in wireless systems. We show that the new analog computing techniques like Coherent Ising Machines (CIM) are promising candidates for…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Abhishek Kumar Singh , Kyle Jamieson , Davide Venturelli , Peter McMahon

This paper proposes a novel optimization framework for discrete phase shifts of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) using a coherent Ising machine (CIM). Unlike conventional methods based on iterative convex approximation or…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Yuto Hama , Daisuke Kitayama , Kensuke Inaba , Toshimori Honjo , Hiroki Takesue , Naoki Ishikawa , Hiroyuki Takahashi

We explore the potential of spatial-photonic Ising machines (SPIMs) to address computationally intensive Ising problems that employ low-rank and circulant coupling matrices. Our results indicate that the performance of SPIMs is critically…

Ising machines are dedicated hardware solvers of NP-hard optimization problems. However, they do not always find the most optimal solution. The probability of finding this optimal solution depends on the problem at hand. Using continuation…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2024-12-10 Jacob Lamers , Guy Verschaffelt , Guy Van der Sande

Ising machines are a promising non-von-Neumann computational concept for neural network training and combinatorial optimization. However, while various neural networks can be implemented with Ising machines, their inability to perform fast…

Applied Physics · Physics 2022-10-05 Fabian Böhm , Diego Alonso-Urquijo , Guy Verschaffelt , Guy Van der Sande

We study theoretically the responsivity of optical modulators. For the case of linear response we find using perturbation theory an upper bound imposed upon the responsivity. For the case of two mode modulator we find a lower bound imposed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Eyal Buks

In edge computing, suppressing data size is a challenge for machine learning models that perform complex tasks such as autonomous driving, in which computational resources (speed, memory size and power) are limited. Efficient lossy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Tadashi Kadowaki , Mitsuru Ambai

Recent technological breakthroughs have precipitated the availability of specialized devices that promise to solve NP-Hard problems faster than standard computers. These `Ising Machines' are however analog in nature and as such inevitably…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-18 Tameem Albash , Victor Martin-Mayor , Itay Hen

We proposed the method that translates the 2-D CSP for minimizing the number of cuts to the Ising model. After that, we conducted computer experiments of the proposed model using the benchmark problem. From the above, the following results…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-04-01 Hiroshi Arai , Harumi Haraguchi

Quantum or quantum-inspired Ising machines have recently shown promise in solving combinatorial optimization problems in a short time. Real-world applications, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) scheduling for wireless multi-hop…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Yohei Hamakawa , Tomoya Kashimata , Masaya Yamasaki , Kosuke Tatsumura
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