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As in other fields of artificial intelligence, the information retrieval community has grown interested in investigating the power consumption associated with neural models, particularly models of search. This interest has become…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Guido Zuccon , Harrisen Scells , Shengyao Zhuang

The progress of some AI paradigms such as deep learning is said to be linked to an exponential growth in the number of parameters. There are many studies corroborating these trends, but does this translate into an exponential increase in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Radosvet Desislavov , Fernando Martínez-Plumed , José Hernández-Orallo

As AI inference scales to billions of queries and emerging reasoning and agentic workflows increase token demand, reliable estimates of per-query energy use are increasingly important for capacity planning, emissions accounting, and…

The rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), has raised concerns regarding its global environmental impact that extends beyond greenhouse gas emissions to include consideration of hardware…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Clément Desroches , Martin Chauvin , Louis Ladan , Caroline Vateau , Simon Gosset , Philippe Cordier

With the growing adoption of AI image generation, in conjunction with the ever-increasing environmental resources demanded by AI, we are urged to answer a fundamental question: What is the environmental impact hidden behind each image we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Giulia Bertazzini , Chiara Albisani , Daniele Baracchi , Dasara Shullani , Roberto Verdecchia

Deep learning models in computer vision have achieved significant success but pose increasing concerns about energy consumption and sustainability. Despite these concerns, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of their energy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Zeyu Yang , Karel Adamek , Wesley Armour

Recent years have seen a surge in the popularity of commercial AI products based on generative, multi-purpose AI systems promising a unified approach to building machine learning (ML) models into technology. However, this ambition of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Alexandra Sasha Luccioni , Yacine Jernite , Emma Strubell

We examine the computational energy requirements of different systems driven by the geometrical scaling law, and increasing use of Artificial Intelligence or Machine Learning (AI-ML) over the last decade. With more scientific and technology…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Sadasivan Shankar , Albert Reuther

Estimates of energy usage in layers of computing from devices to algorithms have been determined and analyzed. Building on the previous analysis [3], energy needed from single devices and systems including three large-scale computing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Sadasivan Shankar

With the rise of AI in recent years and the increase in complexity of the models, the growing demand in computational resources is starting to pose a significant challenge. The need for higher compute power is being met with increasingly…

The "AI for Science, Energy, and Security" report from DOE outlines a significant focus on developing and optimizing artificial intelligence workflows for a foundational impact on a broad range of DOE missions. With the pervasive usage of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Jae-Won Chung , Nishil Talati , Mosharaf Chowdhury

As AI capabilities and deployment accelerate toward a post-AGI era, concerns are growing about electricity demand and carbon emissions from AI computing, yet it is rarely represented explicitly in long term energy-economy-climate scenario…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Doyi Kim , Jiseok Ahn , Haewon McJeon , Changick Kim

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems impose substantial and growing environmental costs, yet transparency about these impacts has declined even as their deployment has accelerated. This paper makes three contributions. First, we collate…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Kai Ebert , Boris Gamazaychikov , Philipp Hacker , Sasha Luccioni

With the growing availability of large-scale datasets, and the popularization of affordable storage and computational capabilities, the energy consumed by AI is becoming a growing concern. To address this issue, in recent years, studies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Roberto Verdecchia , Luís Cruz , June Sallou , Michelle Lin , James Wickenden , Estelle Hotellier

With the rapid expansion of Artificial Intelligence, there are expectations for a proportional expansion of economic activity due to increased productivity, and with it energy consumption and its associated environmental consequences like…

General Economics · Economics 2024-09-11 Anthony Harding , Juan Moreno-Cruz

Advances in artificial intelligence need to become more resource-aware and sustainable. This requires clear assessment and reporting of energy efficiency trade-offs, like sacrificing fast running time for higher predictive performance.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Raphael Fischer , Matthias Jakobs , Katharina Morik

The rapid expansion of artificial intelligence has significantly increased the electricity, water, and carbon demands of modern data centers, raising sustainability concerns. This study evaluates the environmental footprint of AI server…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Aadi Patel , Nikhil Mahalingam , Rusheen Patel

As artificial intelligence (AI) models quickly spread and become more advanced, they are requiring an ever-increasing amount of data and compute capability, leading to a significant energy cost. Training and inference of AI models including…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Anirudh Shankar , Avhishek Chatterjee , Anjan Chakravorty

The computations required for deep learning research have been doubling every few months, resulting in an estimated 300,000x increase from 2012 to 2018 [2]. These computations have a surprisingly large carbon footprint [38]. Ironically,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-08-15 Roy Schwartz , Jesse Dodge , Noah A. Smith , Oren Etzioni

Reduced environmental effect, lower operating costs, and a stable and sustainable energy supply for current and future generations are the main reasons why power optimization is important. Power optimization makes ensuring that energy is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Parag Biswas , Abdur Rashid , Angona Biswas , Md Abdullah Al Nasim , Kishor Datta Gupta , Roy George
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