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Transaction processing systems are the crux for modern data-center applications, yet current multi-node systems are slow due to network overheads. This paper advocates for Compute Express Link (CXL) as a network alternative, which enables…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Zhao Wang , Yiqi Chen , Cong Li , Dimin Niu , Tianchan Guan , Zhaoyang Du , Xingda Wei , Guangyu Sun

Compute Express Link (CXL) serves as a rising industry standard, delivering high-speed cache-coherent links to a variety of devices, including host CPUs, computational accelerators, and memory devices. It is designed to promote system…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Yuda An , Shushu Yi , Bo Mao , Qiao Li , Mingzhe Zhang , Ke Zhou , Nong Xiao , Guangyu Sun , Xiaolin Wang , Yingwei Luo , Jie Zhang

Engram conditional memory has emerged as a promising component for LLMs by decoupling static knowledge lookup from dynamic computation. Since Engram exhibits sparse access patterns and supports prefetching, its massive embedding tables are…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Ruiyang Ma , Teng Ma , Zhiyuan Su , Hantian Zha , Xinpeng Zhao , Xuchun Shang , Xingrui Yi , Zheng Liu , Zhu Cao , An Wu , Zhichong Dou , Ziqian Liu , Daikang Kuang , Guojie Luo

Compute Express Link (CXL) 3.0 and beyond allows the compute nodes of a cluster to share data with hardware cache coherence and at the granularity of a cache line. This enables shared-memory semantics for distributed computing, but…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Antonis Psistakis , Burak Ocalan , Chloe Alverti , Fabien Chaix , Ramnatthan Alagappan , Josep Torrellas

The proliferation of data-intensive applications, ranging from large language models to key-value stores, increasingly stresses memory systems with mixed read-write access patterns. Traditional half-duplex architectures such as DDR5 are…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Yiwei Yang , Yusheng Zheng , Yiqi Chen , Zheng Liang , Kexin Chu , Zhe Zhou , Andi Quinn , Wei Zhang

CXL (Compute Express Link) enables multiple hosts to share byte-addressable memory with hardware cache coherence, but no existing filesystem exploits this for lock-free multi-host coordination. We present DaxFS, a Linux filesystem for CXL…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Cong Wang , Yiwei Yang , Yusheng Zheng

Datacenter applications often rely on remote procedure calls (RPCs) for fast, efficient, and secure communication. However, RPCs are slow, inefficient, and hard to use as they require expensive serialization and compression to communicate…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Suyash Mahar , Ehsan Hajyjasini , Seungjin Lee , Zifeng Zhang , Mingyao Shen , Steven Swanson

Conventional heterogeneous computing systems built on PCIe interconnects suffer from inefficient fine-grained host-device interactions and complex programming models. In recent years, many proprietary and open cache-coherent interconnect…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yanjing Wang , Lizhou Wu , Sunfeng Gao , Yibo Tang , Junhui Luo , Zicong Wang , Yang Ou , Dezun Dong , Nong Xiao , Mingche Lai

This paper explores how Compute Express Link (CXL) can transform PCIe-based block storage into a scalable, byte-addressable working memory. We address the challenges of adapting block storage to CXL's memory-centric model by emphasizing…

This paper proposes ScalePool, a novel cluster architecture designed to interconnect numerous accelerators using unified hardware interconnects rather than traditional long-distance networking. ScalePool integrates Accelerator-Centric Links…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Hyein Woo , Miryeong Kwon , Jiseon Kim , Eunjee Na , Hanjin Choi , Seonghyeon Jang , Myoungsoo Jung

Persistent Memory (PM) introduces new opportunities for designing crash-consistent applications without the traditional storage overheads. However, ensuring crash consistency in PM demands intricate knowledge of CPU, cache, and memory…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-04-25 João Oliveira , João Gonçalves , Miguel Matos

Compute Express Link (CXL) switch allows memory extension via PCIe physical layer to address increasing demand for larger memory capacities in data centers. However, CXL attached memory introduces 170ns to 400ns memory latency. This becomes…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Khan Shaikhul Hadi , Naveed Ul Mustafa , Mark Heinrich , Yan Solihin

Current HPC systems provide memory resources that are statically configured and tightly coupled with compute nodes. However, workloads on HPC systems are evolving. Diverse workloads lead to a need for configurable memory resources to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Jacob Wahlgren , Maya Gokhale , Ivy B. Peng

Heterogeneous memory technologies are increasingly important instruments in addressing the memory wall in HPC systems. While most are deployed in single node setups, CXL.mem is a technology that implements memories that can be attached to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Stepan Vanecek , Matthew Turner , Manisha Gajbe , Matthew Wolf , Martin Schulz

In our exploration of Composable Memory systems utilizing CXL, we focus on overcoming adoption barriers at Hyperscale, underscored by economic models demonstrating Total Cost of Ownership (TCO). While CXL addresses the pressing memory…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Angelos Arelakis , Nilesh Shah , Yiannis Nikolakopoulos , Dimitrios Palyvos-Giannas

Compute Express Link (CXL) emerges as a solution for wide gap between computational speed and data communication rates among host and multiple devices. It fosters a unified and coherent memory space between host and CXL storage devices such…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing tasks, but their deployment in datacenter environments faces significant challenges due to the massive memory requirements of key-value (KV) caches. During the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Dong Liu , Yanxuan Yu

Emerging Compute Express Link (CXL) enables cost-efficient memory expansion beyond the local DRAM of processors. While its CXL$.$mem protocol provides minimal latency overhead through an optimized protocol stack, frequent CXL memory…

The advent of Compute Express Link (CXL) enables SSDs to participate in the memory hierarchy as large-capacity, byte-addressable memory devices. These CXL-enabled SSDs (CXL-SSDs) offer a promising new tier between DRAM and traditional…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Hyunsun Chung , Junhyeok Park , Taewan Noh , Seonghoon Ahn , Kihwan Kim , Ming Zhao , Youngjae Kim

CXL-based Computational Memory (CCM) enables near-memory processing within expanded remote memory, presenting opportunities to address data movement costs associated with disaggregated memory systems and to accelerate overall performance.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Suyeon Lee , Kangkyu Park , Kwangsik Shin , Ada Gavrilovska