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This paper proposes an extensive overview of safety applications and approaches as it relates to automated driving from the prospectives of sensor configurations, vehicle dynamics modelling, tyre modeling, and estimation approaches. First,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-21 Hazem Fahmy , Sabita Mahrajan

Autonomous vehicles rely on accurate trajectory prediction to inform decision-making processes related to navigation and collision avoidance. However, current trajectory prediction models show signs of overfitting, which may lead to unsafe…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Jeroen Hagenus , Frederik Baymler Mathiesen , Julian F. Schumann , Arkady Zgonnikov

As the popularity of autonomous vehicles has grown, many standards and regulators, such as ISO, NHTSA, and Euro NCAP, require safety validation to ensure a sufficient level of safety before deploying them in the real world. Manufacturers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Linh Trinh , Ali Anwar , Siegfried Mercelis

Modern vehicles become increasingly digitalized with advanced information technology-based solutions like advanced driving assistance systems and vehicle-to-x communications. These systems are complex and interconnected. Rising complexity…

Modern Automated Driving (AD) systems rely on safety measures to handle faults and to bring vehicle to a safe state. To eradicate lethal road accidents, car manufacturers are constantly introducing new perception as well as control systems.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Yuting Fu , Andrei Terechko , Jan Friso Groote , Arash Khabbaz Saberi

Autonomous driving models should ideally be evaluated by deploying them on a fleet of physical vehicles in the real world. Unfortunately, this approach is not practical for the vast majority of researchers. An attractive alternative is to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-09-14 Felipe Codevilla , Antonio M. López , Vladlen Koltun , Alexey Dosovitskiy

Ensuring robust and generalizable autonomous driving requires not only broad scenario coverage but also efficient repair of failure cases, particularly those related to challenging and safety-critical scenarios. However, existing scenario…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Xinyu Xia , Xingjun Ma , Yunfeng Hu , Ting Qu , Hong Chen , Xun Gong

Realistic and controllable simulation is critical for advancing end-to-end autonomous driving, yet existing approaches often struggle to support novel view synthesis under large viewpoint changes or to ensure geometric consistency. We…

Decision-making for autonomous driving is challenging, considering the complex interactions among multiple traffic agents (e.g., autonomous vehicles (AVs), human drivers, and pedestrians) and the computational load needed to evaluate these…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-13 Mushuang Liu , Ilya Kolmanovsky , H. Eric Tseng , Suzhou Huang , Dimitar Filev , Anouck Girard

Ensuring the safety of vulnerable road users (VRUs), including pedestrians, cyclists, electric scooter riders, and motorcyclists, remains a major challenge for advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and connected and automated vehicles…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-23 Zhitong He , Yaobin Chen , Brian King , Lingxi Li

The safety of Automated Vehicles (AVs) must be assured before their release and deployment. The current approach to evaluation relies primarily on (i) testing AVs on public roads or (ii) track testing with scenarios defined in a test…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-02-21 Ding Zhao , Xianan Huang , Huei Peng , Henry Lam , David J. LeBlanc

Autonomous driving testing increasingly relies on mining safety critical scenarios from large scale naturalistic driving data, yet existing screening pipelines still depend on manual risk annotation and expensive frame by frame risk…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Chen Xiong , Ziwen Wang , Deqi Wang , Cheng Wang , Yiyang Chen , He Zhang , Chao Gou

The paper addresses the problem of providing suitable reference trajectories in motion planning problems for autonomous vehicles. Among the various approaches to compute a reference trajectory, our aim is to find those trajectories which…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-01-24 Matthias Gerdts , Björn Martens

Predicting the motion of other road agents enables autonomous vehicles to perform safe and efficient path planning. This task is very complex, as the behaviour of road agents depends on many factors and the number of possible future…

The concept of scenario and its many qualifications -- specifically logical and abstract scenarios -- have emerged as a foundational element in safeguarding automated driving systems. However, the original linguistic definitions of the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Christian Neurohr , Lukas Westhofen , Tjark Koopmann , Eike Möhlmann , Eckard Böde , Axel Hahn

Modern AI technologies enable autonomous vehicles to perceive complex scenes, predict human behavior, and make real-time driving decisions. However, these data-driven components often operate as black boxes, lacking interpretability and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Oumaima Barhoumi , Mohamed H Zaki , Sofiène Tahar

A significant portion of driving hazards is caused by human error and disregard for local driving regulations; Consequently, an intelligent assistance system can be beneficial. This paper proposes a novel vision-based modular package to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Amirhossein Kazerouni , Amirhossein Heydarian , Milad Soltany , Aida Mohammadshahi , Abbas Omidi , Saeed Ebadollahi

With an increasing degree of automation, automated vehicle systems become more complex in terms of functional components as well as interconnected hardware and software components. Thus, holistic systems engineering becomes a severe…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-04-25 Gerrit Bagschik , Marcus Nolte , Susanne Ernst , Markus Maurer

The growing advancements in Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) have emphasized the critical need to prioritize the absolute safety of AV maneuvers, especially in dynamic and unpredictable environments or situations. This objective becomes even more…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Dimia Iberraken , Lounis Adouane

Rigorous Verification and Validation (V&V) of Autonomous Driving Functions (ADFs) is paramount for ensuring the safety and public acceptance of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs). Current validation relies heavily on simulation to achieve sufficient…