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Federated Averaging (FedAvg) has emerged as the algorithm of choice for federated learning due to its simplicity and low communication cost. However, in spite of recent research efforts, its performance is not fully understood. We obtain…

Local stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is a fundamental approach in achieving communication efficiency in Federated Learning (FL) by allowing individual workers to perform local updates. However, the presence of heterogeneous data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Feng Zhu , Jingjing Zhang , Shengyun Liu , Xin Wang

Data heterogeneity across clients is a key challenge in federated learning. Prior works address this by either aligning client and server models or using control variates to correct client model drift. Although these methods achieve fast…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Bo Li , Mikkel N. Schmidt , Tommy S. Alstrøm , Sebastian U. Stich

Federated Learning (FL) suffers from severe performance degradation due to the data heterogeneity among clients. Existing works reveal that the fundamental reason is that data heterogeneity can cause client drift where the local model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Haoran Xu , Jiaze Li , Wanyi Wu , Hao Ren

Federated learning (FL) commonly involves clients with diverse communication and computational capabilities. Such heterogeneity can significantly distort the optimization dynamics and lead to objective inconsistency, where the global model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Shudi Weng , Chao Ren , Ming Xiao , Mikael Skoglund

We provide a new analysis of local SGD, removing unnecessary assumptions and elaborating on the difference between two data regimes: identical and heterogeneous. In both cases, we improve the existing theory and provide values of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-18 Ahmed Khaled , Konstantin Mishchenko , Peter Richtárik

Federated learning (FL) refers to the learning paradigm that trains machine learning models directly in the decentralized systems consisting of smart edge devices without transmitting the raw data, which avoids the heavy communication costs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Xin Yao , Lifeng Sun

Federated Learning (FL) is a learning paradigm that protects privacy by keeping client data on edge devices. However, optimizing FL in practice can be difficult due to the diversity and heterogeneity of the learning system. Despite recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Yongxin Guo , Tao Lin , Xiaoying Tang

Federated Semi-Supervised Learning (FSSL) aims to leverage unlabeled data across clients with limited labeled data to train a global model with strong generalization ability. Most FSSL methods rely on consistency regularization with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Yijie Liu , Xinyi Shang , Yiqun Zhang , Yang Lu , Chen Gong , Jing-Hao Xue , Hanzi Wang

Minimax optimization has seen a surge in interest with the advent of modern applications such as GANs, and it is inherently more challenging than simple minimization. The difficulty is exacerbated by the training data residing at multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Pranay Sharma , Rohan Panda , Gauri Joshi

Partially class-disjoint data (PCDD), a common yet under-explored data formation where each client contributes a part of classes (instead of all classes) of samples, severely challenges the performance of federated algorithms. Without full…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Ziqing Fan , Ruipeng Zhang , Jiangchao Yao , Bo Han , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang

In federated learning (FL), model training performance is strongly impacted by data heterogeneity across clients. Client-drift compensation methods have recently emerged as a solution to this issue, introducing correction terms into local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Evan Chen , Shiqiang Wang , Jianing Zhang , Dong-Jun Han , Chaoyue Liu , Christopher Brinton

LocalSGD and SCAFFOLD are widely used methods in distributed stochastic optimization, with numerous applications in machine learning, large-scale data processing, and federated learning. However, rigorously establishing their theoretical…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-25 Ruichen Luo , Sebastian U Stich , Samuel Horváth , Martin Takáč

In this paper, we consider nonconvex minimax optimization, which is gaining prominence in many modern machine learning applications such as GANs. Large-scale edge-based collection of training data in these applications calls for…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-03-10 Pranay Sharma , Rohan Panda , Gauri Joshi , Pramod K. Varshney

The FedProx algorithm is a simple yet powerful distributed proximal point optimization method widely used for federated learning (FL) over heterogeneous data. Despite its popularity and remarkable success witnessed in practice, the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-13 Xiao-Tong Yuan , Ping Li

We consider Decision-Focused Federated Learning (DFFL), a predict-then-optimize setting in which multiple clients collaboratively train predictive models for downstream linear optimization problems without exchanging raw data. Besides the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Konstantinos Ziliaskopoulos , Alexander Vinel

There are two paradigms in Federated Learning (FL): parallel FL (PFL), where models are trained in a parallel manner across clients, and sequential FL (SFL), where models are trained in a sequential manner across clients. Specifically, in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Yipeng Li , Xinchen Lyu

Federated learning (FL) allows multiple clients to collectively train a high-performance global model without sharing their private data. However, the key challenge in federated learning is that the clients have significant statistical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Liang Gao , Huazhu Fu , Li Li , Yingwen Chen , Ming Xu , Cheng-Zhong Xu

Optimization problems arising in data science have given rise to a number of new derivative-based optimization methods. Such methods often use standard smoothness assumptions -- namely, global Lipschitz continuity of the gradient function…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-16 Christian Varner , Vivak Patel

Data heterogeneity across clients is one of the key challenges in Federated Learning (FL), which may slow down the global model convergence and even weaken global model performance. Most existing approaches tackle the heterogeneity by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Jun Nie , Danyang Xiao , Lei Yang , Weigang Wu