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As deep neural networks become more adept at traditional tasks, many of the most exciting new challenges concern multimodality---observations that combine diverse types, such as image and text. In this paper, we introduce a family of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-12 Mike Wu , Noah Goodman

Flow-based generative models provide strong unconditional priors for inverse problems, but guiding their dynamics for conditional generation remains challenging. Recent work casts training-free conditional generation in flow models as an…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-02 George Webber , Alexander Denker , Riccardo Barbano , Andrew J Reader

We introduce a new paradigm for generative modeling built on Continuous Normalizing Flows (CNFs), allowing us to train CNFs at unprecedented scale. Specifically, we present the notion of Flow Matching (FM), a simulation-free approach for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Yaron Lipman , Ricky T. Q. Chen , Heli Ben-Hamu , Maximilian Nickel , Matt Le

Energy-based models are a simple yet powerful class of probabilistic models, but their widespread adoption has been limited by the computational burden of training them. We propose a novel loss function called Energy Discrepancy (ED) which…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-28 Tobias Schröder , Zijing Ou , Jen Ning Lim , Yingzhen Li , Sebastian J. Vollmer , Andrew B. Duncan

Energy-based models (EBMs) exhibit a variety of desirable properties in predictive tasks, such as generality, simplicity and compositionality. However, training EBMs on high-dimensional datasets remains unstable and expensive. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Xiulong Yang , Shihao Ji

Energy-based learning is a powerful learning paradigm that encapsulates various discriminative and generative approaches. An energy-based model (EBM) is typically formed of inner-model(s) that learn a combination of the different features…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Firas Laakom , Jenni Raitoharju , Alexandros Iosifidis , Moncef Gabbouj

Current discriminative depth estimation methods often produce blurry artifacts, while generative approaches suffer from slow sampling due to curvatures in the noise-to-depth transport. Our method addresses these challenges by framing depth…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Ming Gui , Johannes Schusterbauer , Ulrich Prestel , Pingchuan Ma , Dmytro Kotovenko , Olga Grebenkova , Stefan Andreas Baumann , Vincent Tao Hu , Björn Ommer

Disentangled representations can be useful in many downstream tasks, help to make deep learning models more interpretable, and allow for control over features of synthetically generated images that can be useful in training other models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-22 Aadhithya Sankar , Matthias Keicher , Rami Eisawy , Abhijeet Parida , Franz Pfister , Seong Tae Kim , Nassir Navab

Flow-based generative models show great potential in image synthesis due to its reversible pipeline and exact log-likelihood target, yet it suffers from weak ability for conditional image synthesis, especially for multi-label or unaware…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-04 Rui Liu , Yu Liu , Xinyu Gong , Xiaogang Wang , Hongsheng Li

Matching objectives underpin the success of modern generative models and rely on constructing conditional paths that transform a source distribution into a target distribution. Despite being a fundamental building block, conditional paths…

Text-to-video diffusion models are notoriously limited in their ability to model temporal aspects such as motion, physics, and dynamic interactions. Existing approaches address this limitation by retraining the model or introducing external…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Ariel Shaulov , Itay Hazan , Lior Wolf , Hila Chefer

Identifiability, or recovery of the true latent representations from which the observed data originates, is de facto a fundamental goal of representation learning. Yet, most deep generative models do not address the question of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Shen Li , Bryan Hooi , Gim Hee Lee

Weak gravitational lensing maps compactly encode the evolution of cosmic large-scale structure and are a key tool for cosmological analyses. Performing inference directly at the map level allows flexible choices of statistics and can…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-25 Guangjian Li , Tomasz Kacprzak

We propose a new method to obtain kinetic properties of infrequent events from molecular dynamics simulation. The procedure employs a recently introduced variational approach [Valsson and Parrinello, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 090601 (2014)] to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-08-19 James McCarty , Omar Valsson , Pratyush Tiwary , Michele Parrinello

Generative models have shown strong generation ability while efficient likelihood estimation is less explored. Energy-based models~(EBMs) define a flexible energy function to parameterize unnormalized densities efficiently but are notorious…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Cong Geng , Tian Han , Peng-Tao Jiang , Hao Zhang , Jinwei Chen , Søren Hauberg , Bo Li

We propose a novel generative saliency prediction framework that adopts an informative energy-based model as a prior distribution. The energy-based prior model is defined on the latent space of a saliency generator network that generates…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Jing Zhang , Jianwen Xie , Nick Barnes , Ping Li

Energy-Based Models (EBMs), also known as non-normalized probabilistic models, specify probability density or mass functions up to an unknown normalizing constant. Unlike most other probabilistic models, EBMs do not place a restriction on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-19 Yang Song , Diederik P. Kingma

Sampling useful three-dimensional molecular structures along with their most favorable conformations is a key challenge in drug discovery. Current state-of-the-art 3D de-novo design flow matching or diffusion-based models are limited to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Riccardo Tedoldi , Ola Engkvist , Patrick Bryant , Hossein Azizpour , Jon Paul Janet , Alessandro Tibo

We propose a unified, few-step generative modeling framework based on \emph{cumulative flow maps} for long-range transport in probability space, inspired by flow-map techniques for physical transport and dynamics. At its core is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Zhiqi Li , Duowen Chen , Yuchen Sun , Bo Zhu

Energy-based models (EBMs) have experienced a resurgence within machine learning in recent years, including as a promising alternative for probabilistic regression. However, energy-based regression requires a proposal distribution to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Fredrik K. Gustafsson , Martin Danelljan , Thomas B. Schön
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