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Energy-based models (EBMs) are a powerful class of probabilistic generative models due to their flexibility and interpretability. However, relationships between potential flows and explicit EBMs remain underexplored, while contrastive…

Variational Auto-Encoders (VAEs) are known to generate blurry and inconsistent samples. One reason for this is the "prior hole" problem. A prior hole refers to regions that have high probability under the VAE's prior but low probability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Debottam Dutta , Chaitanya Amballa , Zhongweiyang Xu , Yu-Lin Wei , Romit Roy Choudhury

Energy-based models (EBMs) are versatile density estimation models that directly parameterize an unnormalized log density. Although very flexible, EBMs lack a specified normalization constant of the model, making the likelihood of the model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Louis Grenioux , Éric Moulines , Marylou Gabrié

This paper introduces a novel approach to embed flow-based models with hierarchical structures. The proposed framework is named Variational Flow Graphical (VFG) Model. VFGs learn the representation of high dimensional data via a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-07-07 Shaogang Ren , Belhal Karimi , Dingcheng Li , Ping Li

In this work, we propose a new generative model that is capable of automatically decoupling global and local representations of images in an entirely unsupervised setting, by embedding a generative flow in the VAE framework to model the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-17 Xuezhe Ma , Xiang Kong , Shanghang Zhang , Eduard Hovy

Current state-of-the-art generative models map noise to data distributions by matching flows or scores. A key limitation of these models is their inability to readily integrate available partial observations and additional priors. In…

Energy-based models (EBMs) have recently been successful in representing complex distributions of small images. However, sampling from them requires expensive Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) iterations that mix slowly in high dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-08 Zhisheng Xiao , Karsten Kreis , Jan Kautz , Arash Vahdat

We present energy-based generative flow networks (EB-GFN), a novel probabilistic modeling algorithm for high-dimensional discrete data. Building upon the theory of generative flow networks (GFlowNets), we model the generation process by a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Dinghuai Zhang , Nikolay Malkin , Zhen Liu , Alexandra Volokhova , Aaron Courville , Yoshua Bengio

In this paper, we propose a novel generative model that utilizes a conditional Energy-Based Model (EBM) for enhancing Variational Autoencoder (VAE), termed Energy-Calibrated VAE (EC-VAE). Specifically, VAEs often suffer from blurry…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Yihong Luo , Siya Qiu , Xingjian Tao , Yujun Cai , Jing Tang

Latent space Energy-Based Models (EBMs), also known as energy-based priors, have drawn growing interests in generative modeling. Fueled by its flexibility in the formulation and strong modeling power of the latent space, recent works built…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Peiyu Yu , Sirui Xie , Xiaojian Ma , Baoxiong Jia , Bo Pang , Ruiqi Gao , Yixin Zhu , Song-Chun Zhu , Ying Nian Wu

Multimodal generative models have recently gained significant attention for their ability to learn representations across various modalities, enhancing joint and cross-generation coherence. However, most existing works use standard Gaussian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Shiyu Yuan , Jiali Cui , Hanao Li , Tian Han

Energy based models (EBMs) are appealing due to their generality and simplicity in likelihood modeling, but have been traditionally difficult to train. We present techniques to scale MCMC based EBM training on continuous neural networks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-01 Yilun Du , Igor Mordatch

We introduce Equilibrium Matching (EqM), a generative modeling framework built from an equilibrium dynamics perspective. EqM discards the non-equilibrium, time-conditional dynamics in traditional diffusion and flow-based generative models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Runqian Wang , Yilun Du

This work proposes a method for using any generator network as the foundation of an Energy-Based Model (EBM). Our formulation posits that observed images are the sum of unobserved latent variables passed through the generator network and a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Mitch Hill , Erik Nijkamp , Jonathan Mitchell , Bo Pang , Song-Chun Zhu

Flow matching models have shown great potential in image generation tasks among probabilistic generative models. However, most flow matching models in the literature do not explicitly utilize the underlying clustering structure in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Anirban Samaddar , Yixuan Sun , Viktor Nilsson , Sandeep Madireddy

Flow maps enable high-quality image generation in a single forward pass. However, unlike iterative diffusion models, their lack of an explicit sampling trajectory impedes incorporating external constraints for conditional generation and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Abbas Mammadov , So Takao , Bohan Chen , Ricardo Baptista , Morteza Mardani , Yee Whye Teh , Julius Berner

Energy-based latent variable models (EBLVMs) are more expressive than conventional energy-based models. However, its potential on visual tasks are limited by its training process based on maximum likelihood estimate that requires sampling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Ge Kan , Jinhu Lü , Tian Wang , Baochang Zhang , Aichun Zhu , Lei Huang , Guodong Guo , Hichem Snoussi

Energy-based models (EBMs) are a simple yet powerful framework for generative modeling. They are based on a trainable energy function which defines an associated Gibbs measure, and they can be trained and sampled from via well-established…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-06 Carles Domingo-Enrich , Alberto Bietti , Eric Vanden-Eijnden , Joan Bruna

In this work, we consider the problem of training a generator from evaluations of energy functions or unnormalized densities. This is a fundamental problem in probabilistic inference, which is crucial for scientific applications such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Dongyeop Woo , Sungsoo Ahn

Energy-Based Models (EBMs) have proven to be a highly effective approach for modelling densities on finite-dimensional spaces. Their ability to incorporate domain-specific choices and constraints into the structure of the model through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Jen Ning Lim , Sebastian Vollmer , Lorenz Wolf , Andrew Duncan
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