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Vision-Language Models have excelled at textual reasoning, but they often struggle with fine-grained spatial understanding and continuous action planning, failing to simulate the dynamics required for complex visual reasoning. In this work,…

We present a system for identifying conceptual shifts between visual categories, which will form the basis for a co-creative drawing system to help users draw more creative sketches. The system recognizes human sketches and matches them to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-12 Pegah Karimi , Nicholas Davis , Kazjon Grace , Mary Lou Maher

The notable gap between user-provided and model-preferred prompts poses a significant challenge for generating high-quality images with text-to-image models, compelling the need for prompt engineering. Current studies on prompt engineering…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Shiyu Wu , Mingzhen Sun , Weining Wang , Yequan Wang , Jing Liu

Recent advances in text-to-video generation have produced increasingly realistic and diverse content, yet evaluating such videos remains a fundamental challenge due to their multi-faceted nature encompassing visual quality, semantic…

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) offer inherent interpretability by initially translating images into human-comprehensible concepts, followed by a linear combination of these concepts for classification. However, the annotation of concepts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Hangzhou He , Lei Zhu , Xinliang Zhang , Shuang Zeng , Qian Chen , Yanye Lu

Unified generative models have shown remarkable performance in text and image generation. For image synthesis tasks, they adopt straightforward text-to-image (T2I) generation. However, direct T2I generation limits the models in handling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Yi Wang , Mushui Liu , Wanggui He , Hanyang Yuan , Longxiang Zhang , Ziwei Huang , Guanghao Zhang , Wenkai Fang , Haoze Jiang , Shengxuming Zhang , Dong She , Jinlong Liu , Weilong Dai , Mingli Song , Hao Jiang , Jie Song

Can we directly visualize what we imagine in our brain together with what we describe? The inherent nature of human perception reveals that, when we think, our body can combine language description and build a vivid picture in our brain.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Ling Wang , Chen Wu , Lin Wang

Current image generation systems produce high-quality images but struggle with ambiguous user prompts, making interpretation of actual user intentions difficult. Many users must modify their prompts several times to ensure the generated…

Generative language models (LMs) such as GPT-2/3 can be prompted to generate text with remarkable quality. While they are designed for text-prompted generation, it remains an open question how the generation process could be guided by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Yixuan Su , Tian Lan , Yahui Liu , Fangyu Liu , Dani Yogatama , Yan Wang , Lingpeng Kong , Nigel Collier

We propose a weakly-supervised approach for conditional image generation of complex scenes where a user has fine control over objects appearing in the scene. We exploit sparse semantic maps to control object shapes and classes, as well as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-23 Dario Pavllo , Aurelien Lucchi , Thomas Hofmann

Intuitive learning is crucial for developing deep conceptual understanding, especially in STEM education, where students often struggle with abstract and interconnected concepts. Automatic question generation has become an effective…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Nicholas X. Wang , Neel V. Parpia , Aaryan D. Parikh , Aggelos K. Katsaggelos

Concept learning is a fundamental aspect of human cognition and plays a critical role in mental processes such as categorization, reasoning, memory, and decision-making. Researchers across various disciplines have shown consistent interest…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Yuwei Wang , Yi Zeng

Humans and animals exhibit a range of interesting behaviors in dynamic environments, and it is unclear how our brains actively reformat this dense sensory information to enable these behaviors. Experimental neuroscience is undergoing a…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-11-07 Aran Nayebi

Automated rationale generation is an approach for real-time explanation generation whereby a computational model learns to translate an autonomous agent's internal state and action data representations into natural language. Training on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-01-15 Upol Ehsan , Pradyumna Tambwekar , Larry Chan , Brent Harrison , Mark Riedl

Generating coherent and communicative visual sequences, such as image sequences and videos, remains a significant challenge for current multimodal systems. Despite advances in visual quality and the integration of world knowledge, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Chutian Meng , Fan Ma , Chi Zhang , Jiaxu Miao , Yi Yang , Yueting Zhuang

Asking questions about visual environments is a crucial way for intelligent agents to understand rich multi-faceted scenes, raising the importance of Visual Question Generation (VQG) systems. Apart from being grounded to the image, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Li Mi , Syrielle Montariol , Javiera Castillo-Navarro , Xianjie Dai , Antoine Bosselut , Devis Tuia

While neural symbolic methods demonstrate impressive performance in visual question answering on synthetic images, their performance suffers on real images. We identify that the long-tail distribution of visual concepts and unequal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-04 Zhuowan Li , Elias Stengel-Eskin , Yixiao Zhang , Cihang Xie , Quan Tran , Benjamin Van Durme , Alan Yuille

Generative AI often produces results misaligned with user intentions, for example, resolving ambiguous prompts in unexpected ways. Despite existing approaches to clarify intent, a major challenge remains: understanding and influencing AI's…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Lena Hegemann , Xinyi Wen , Michael A. Hedderich , Tarmo Nurmi , Hariharan Subramonyam

In visual decision making, high-level features, such as object categories, have a strong influence on choice. However, the impact of low-level features on behavior is less understood partly due to the high correlation between high- and…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-13 Maytus Piriyajitakonkij , Sirawaj Itthipuripat , Ian Ballard , Ioannis Pappas

Text-to-image models produce images that align well with natural language prompts, but compositional generation has long been a central challenge. Models often struggle to satisfy multiple concepts within a single prompt, frequently…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Jungmyung Wi , Hyunsoo Kim , Donghyun Kim