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We study the detectability of circular polarization in a stochastic gravitational wave background from various sources such as supermassive black hole binaries, cosmic strings, and inflation in the early universe with pulsar timing arrays.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-03-24 Ryo Kato , Jiro Soda

Pulsar timing-array correlation measurements offer an exciting opportunity to test the nature of gravity in the cosmologically novel nanohertz gravitational wave regime. The stochastic gravitational wave background is assumed Gaussian and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-11-23 Reginald Christian Bernardo , Kin-Wang Ng

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs), aimed at detecting gravitational waves (GWs) in the $1\sim 100$ nHz range, have recently made significant strides. Compelling evidence has emerged for a common spectrum signal spatially correlated among pulsars,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-31 Yu-Mei Wu , Yan-Chen Bi , Qing-Guo Huang

We present a detailed analysis of the International Pulsar Timing Array (IPTA) Second Mock Data Challenge. We tested our analysis methods using the open datasets, and then analyzed the closed datasets. In both the open and the closed…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-01 P. T. Baker , P. R. Brook , W. C. Fiore , N. Garver-Daniels , A. R. Kaiser , M. T. Lam , B. J. Shapiro-Albert , C. A. Witt

The aims of the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array (PPTA) project are to 1) make a direct detection of gravitational waves, 2) improve the solar system planetary ephemeris and 3) develop a pulsar-based time scale. In this article we describe the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 G. Hobbs

We present results from an all-sky search for continuous gravitational waves from individual supermassive binary black holes using the third data release (DR3) of the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array (PPTA). Even though we recover a…

A phase transition in the dark sector (DS) presents a promising explanation for the stochastic gravitational wave (GW) signals detected in recent observations by Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs). Instead of focusing solely on fitting data with…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-12-24 Amitayus Banik , Yanou Cui , Yu-Dai Tsai , Yuhsin Tsai

The positive evidence of a nano-hertz gravitational wave background recently found by several pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations opened up a window to test modified gravity theories in a unique frequency band in parallel to other…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-21 Qiuyue Liang , Ippei Obata , Misao Sasaki

Several Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) collaborations have recently found evidence for a gravitational wave background (GWB) permeating our galaxy. The origin of this background is still unknown. Indeed, while the gravitational wave emission…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-07-12 Anna-Malin Lemke , Andrea Mitridate , Kyle A. Gersbach

Pulsar timing arrays (PTA) have the promise to detect gravitational waves (GWs) from sources which are in a unique frequency range of 10^-9 - 10^-6 Hz. This in turn also provides an opportunity to test the theory of general relativity in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-10-07 Adrian Boîtier , Shubhanshu Tiwari , Lionel Philippoz , Philippe Jetzer

The Hellings-Downs (HD) correlation, which characterizes the signature of a stochastic gravitational wave background measured via Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTA), is derived using a harmonic formalism. This approach closely follows the framework…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-04-25 Cyril Pitrou , Giulia Cusin

For pulsar timing arrays (PTAs), the telltale signature of an isotropic stochastic background of gravitational waves is a pattern of pairwise interpulsar timing correlations approximately following the Hellings & Downs (HD) curve. Certain…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-01 Dustin R. Madison

Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) searches for gravitational waves (GWs) aim to detect a characteristic correlation pattern in the timing residuals of galactic millisecond pulsars. This pattern is described by the PTA overlap reduction function…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-02-03 Nina Cordes , Andrea Mitridate , Kai Schmitz , Tobias Schröder , Kim Wassner

We present results of an all-sky search in the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array (PPTA) Data Release 1 data set for continuous gravitational waves (GWs) in the frequency range from $5\times 10^{-9}$ to $2\times 10^{-7}$ Hz. Such signals could be…

Gravitational waves are predicted by Einstein's theory of general relativity as well as other theories of gravity. The rotational stability of the fastest pulsars means that timing of an array of these objects can be used to detect and…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 J. Ellis , M. A. McLaughlin , J. P. W. Verbiest

The recently released data by pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations present strong evidence for a stochastic signal consistent with a gravitational-wave background. Assuming this signal originates from scalar-induced gravitational waves,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-27 Lang Liu , Zu-Cheng Chen , Qing-Guo Huang

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) can detect disturbances in the fabric of spacetime on a galactic scale by monitoring the arrival time of pulses from millisecond pulsars (MSPs). Recent advancements have enabled the use of $\gamma$-ray radiation…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-03-14 Hoang Nhan Luu , Tao Liu , Jing Ren , Tom Broadhurst , Ruizhi Yang , Jie-Shuang Wang , Zhen Xie

The stochastic gravitational wave background for pulsar timing arrays is often modeled by a Gaussian ensemble which is isotropic and unpolarized. However, the Universe has a discrete set of polarized gravitational wave sources at specific…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-05-02 Bruce Allen , Serena Valtolina

Can we estimate the direction of arrival (DOA) of a gravitational wave (GW) signal from pulsar timing array observations? The present paper addresses the inverse problem, for which we consider quadrupole moments of pulsar timings due to GWs…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-26 Taichi Ueyama , Hodaka Tamura , Hideki Asada

Recently, pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations, including NANOGrav, have reported evidence of a stochastic gravitational wave background within the nHz frequency range.\ It can be interpreted by gravitational waves from preheating era.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-08 M. Bousder , E. Salmani , A. Riadsolh , H. Ez-Zahraouy , A. El Fatimy , M. El Belkacemi