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Cosmological simulations with gas provide a detailed description of the intergalactic medium, making possible predictions of neutral hydrogen absorption in the spectra of background QSOs. We present results from a high-resolution…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-28 Lars Hernquist , Neal Katz , David H. Weinberg , Jordi Miralda-Escude

We perform for the first time full simulation-based inference on the Lyman-$\alpha$ forest 1D power spectrum. In particular, we consider the prediction of the Lyman-$\alpha$ forest $P_{\rm 1D}(k)$ at $2.0<z<3.5$ from the CAMELS cosmological…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-26 Francesco Sinigaglia , Patricia Iglesias-Navarro , Matteo Viel

The cosmic 21-cm signal will bring data-driven advances to studies of the Cosmic Dawn (CD) and Epoch of Reionization (EoR). Radio telescopes such as the SKA will eventually map the HI fluctuations over the first billion years - the majority…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-08 David Prelogović , Andrei Mesinger

Deep wide spectral line surveys with the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) will expand the cosmic frontiers of neutral atomic hydrogen (HI) in galaxies. However, at cosmologically significant redshifts ($z \gtrsim 0.5$), detections will…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-02-12 Charissa Button , Roger Deane

In the standard Cold Dark Matter (CDM) theory of structure formation, virialized minihalos (with T_vir}<10^4 K) form in abundance at high redshift (z>6), during the cosmic ``dark ages.'' The hydrogen in these minihalos, the first nonlinear…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ilian T. Iliev , Paul R. Shapiro , Andrea Ferrara , Hugo Martel

The cosmic dawn 21-cm signal is a highly sensitive probe of any process which injects energy into the intergalactic medium, enabling novel searches for anomalous energy injection by through dark matter interactions. In addition to modifying…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-09-30 Yitian Sun , Joshua W. Foster , Julian B. Muñoz

The 21 cm spectral line emission of atomic neutral hydrogen (HI) is one of the primary wavelengths observed in radio astronomy. However, the signal is intrinsically faint and the HI content of galaxies depends on the cosmic environment,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-08 J. A. Barkai , M. A. W. Verheijen , E. T. Martínez , M. H. F. Wilkinson

We describe how the high-redshift 21-cm background can be used to improve both our understanding of the fundamental cosmological parameters of our Universe and exotic processes originating in the dark sector. The 21-cm background emerging…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-09-30 Steven R. Furlanetto

The 21-cm line of hydrogen is the most promising probe of the Dark Ages and Cosmic Dawn. We combine hydrodynamical simulations with a large-scale grid in order to calculate the effect of non-linear structure formation on the large-scale…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-24 Sudipta Sikder , Hyunbae Park , Rennan Barkana , Naoki Yoshida , Anastasia Fialkov

Hydrogen 21-cm Line Intensity Mapping offers the unique opportunity to access the Dark Ages and trace the formation and evolution of the large scale structure of the Universe prior to star and galaxy formation. In this work we investigate…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-22 Elena Vanetti , Eleonora Vanzan , Nicola Bellomo , Alvise Raccanelli

Neutral hydrogen (H$_{\rm I}$) intensity mapping is capable of measuring redshift evolution of H$_{\rm I}$ density parameter $\Omega_{\rm H_{\rm I}}$, which is an important parameter to understand structure formation in the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-09-28 Shoichiro Tanaka , Shintaro Yoshiura , Kenji Kubota , Keitaro Takahashi , Atsushi J. Nishizawa , Naoshi Sugiyama

We use a model developed by Xu et al. (2010) to compute the 21 cm line absorption signatures imprinted by star-forming dwarf galaxies (DGs) and starless minihalos (MHs). The method, based on a statistical comparison of the equivalent width…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-03-01 Yidong Xu , Andrea Ferrara , Francisco S. Kitaura , Xuelei Chen

The 21-cm intensity mapping (IM) of neutral hydrogen (HI) is a promising tool to probe the large-scale structures. Sky maps of 21-cm intensities can be highly contaminated by different foregrounds, such as Galactic synchrotron radiation,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-01 Elimboto Yohana , Yin-Zhe Ma , Di Li , Xuelei Chen , Wei-Ming Dai

The hyperfine 21-cm transition of neutral hydrogen from the early Universe ($z>5$) is a sensitive probe of the formation and evolution of the first luminous sources. Using the Fisher matrix formalism we explore the complex and degenerate…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-24 Sreedhar Balu , Bradley Greig , J. Stuart B. Wyithe

A large fraction of baryons predicted from the standard cosmology has been missing observationally. Although previous numerical simulations have indicated that most of the missing baryons reside in large-scale filaments in the form of Warm…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-09-20 Toshihiro Horii , Shinsuke Asaba , Kenji Hasegawa , Hiroyuki Tashiro

The 21-cm emission line from neutral hydrogen during the cosmic Dark Ages can be a powerful probe of cosmological models and early universe physics. This work provides a quantitative forecast for the design requirements of a lunar far-side…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-29 Yuewei Wen , Bin Yue , Yidong Xu , Furen Deng , Chen Zhang , Xuelei Chen

We aim to present a robust parameter estimation with simulated Lya forest spectra from Sherwood-Relics simulations suite using Information Maximizing Neural Network(IMNN) to extract maximal information from Lya 1D-transmitted flux in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-09 Soumak Maitra , Stefano Cristiani , Matteo Viel , Roberto Trotta , Guido Cupani

Detection of the \hi~ 21-cm power spectrum is one of the key science drivers of several ongoing and upcoming low-frequency radio interferometers. However, the major challenge in such observations come from bright foregrounds, whose accurate…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-29 Madhurima Choudhury , Abhirup Datta , Suman Majumdar

We review the analytical prescriptions in the literature to model the 21-cm (emission line surveys/intensity mapping experiments) and Damped Lyman-Alpha (DLA) observations of neutral hydrogen (HI) in the post-reionization universe. While…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-23 Hamsa Padmanabhan , T. Roy Choudhury , Alexandre Refregier

This study sets new constraints on Cold+Warm Dark Matter (CWDM) models by leveraging the small-scale suppression of structure formation imprinted in the Lyman-$\alpha$ forest. Using the Sherwood-Relics suite, we extract high-fidelity flux…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-29 Olga Garcia-Gallego , Vid Iršič , Martin G. Haehnelt , Matteo Viel , James S. Bolton
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