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Causal discovery (CD) aims to discover the causal graph underlying the data generation mechanism of observed variables. In many real-world applications, the observed variables are vector-valued, such as in climate science where variables…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-16 Urmi Ninad , Jonas Wahl , Andreas Gerhardus , Jakob Runge

The key of sequential recommendation lies in the accurate item correlation modeling. Previous models infer such information based on item co-occurrences, which may fail to capture the real causal relations, and impact the recommendation…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-12-14 Zhenlei Wang , Xu Chen , Rui Zhou , Quanyu Dai , Zhenhua Dong , Ji-Rong Wen

The study of cause-and-effect is of the utmost importance in many branches of science, but also for many practical applications of intelligent systems. In particular, identifying causal relationships in situations that include hidden…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-14 Luca Castri , Sariah Mghames , Marc Hanheide , Nicola Bellotto

We present a generalized linear structural causal model, coupled with a novel data-adaptive linear regularization, to recover causal directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) from time series. By leveraging a recently developed stochastic monotone…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Song Wei , Yao Xie , Christopher S. Josef , Rishikesan Kamaleswaran

We present a generalized linear structural causal model, coupled with a novel data-adaptive linear regularization, to recover causal directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) from time series. By leveraging a recently developed stochastic monotone…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Song Wei , Yao Xie , Christopher S. Josef , Rishikesan Kamaleswaran

Understanding the causal interaction of time series variables can contribute to time series data analysis for many real-world applications, such as climate forecasting and extreme weather alerts. However, causal relationships are difficult…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Dongqi Fu , Yada Zhu , Hanghang Tong , Kommy Weldemariam , Onkar Bhardwaj , Jingrui He

Causal modeling offers a principled foundation for uncovering stable, invariant relationships in time-series data, thereby improving robustness and generalization under distribution shifts. Yet its potential is underutilized in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Emam Hossain , Muhammad Hasan Ferdous , Devon Dunmire , Aneesh Subramanian , Md Osman Gani

Visual representations underlie object recognition tasks, but they often contain both robust and non-robust features. Our main observation is that image classifiers may perform poorly on out-of-distribution samples because spurious…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Chengzhi Mao , Kevin Xia , James Wang , Hao Wang , Junfeng Yang , Elias Bareinboim , Carl Vondrick

Using observational data to learn causal relationships is essential when randomized experiments are not possible, such as in healthcare. Discovering causal relationships in time-series health data is even more challenging when relationships…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Bharat Srikishan , Samantha Kleinberg

In this study, we address causal inference when only observational data and a valid causal ordering from the causal graph are available. We introduce a set of flow models that can recover component-wise, invertible transformation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Minh Khoa Le , Kien Do , Truyen Tran

This paper introduces a new causal structure learning method for nonstationary time series data, a common data type found in fields such as finance, economics, healthcare, and environmental science. Our work builds upon the constraint-based…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-06-10 Agathe Sadeghi , Achintya Gopal , Mohammad Fesanghary

Recent research on temporal networks has highlighted the limitations of a static network perspective for our understanding of complex systems with dynamic topologies. In particular, recent works have shown that i) the specific order in…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-11-20 Ingo Scholtes , Nicolas Wider , Antonios Garas

Learning the unique directed acyclic graph corresponding to an unknown causal model is a challenging task. Methods based on functional causal models can identify a unique graph, but either suffer from the curse of dimensionality or impose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Sujai Hiremath , Jacqueline R. M. A. Maasch , Mengxiao Gao , Promit Ghosal , Kyra Gan

The discovery of discriminatory bias in human or automated decision making is a task of increasing importance and difficulty, exacerbated by the pervasive use of machine learning and data mining. Currently, discrimination discovery largely…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Bilal Qureshi , Faisal Kamiran , Asim Karim , Salvatore Ruggieri , Dino Pedreschi

Causal discovery algorithms based on probabilistic graphical models have emerged in geoscience applications for the identification and visualization of dynamical processes. The key idea is to learn the structure of a graphical model from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-12-29 Imme Ebert-Uphoff , Yi Deng

In-context learning for tabular data sets strong predictive standards in observational settings; it however primarily relies on correlational structure, which becomes unreliable under distribution shift or intervention. While established…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Sascha Xu , Sarah Mameche , Jilles Vreeken

This PhD thesis contains several contributions to the field of statistical causal modeling. Statistical causal models are statistical models embedded with causal assumptions that allow for the inference and reasoning about the behavior of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-05 Martin Emil Jakobsen

Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are the most effective approach to causal discovery, but in many circumstances it is impossible to conduct RCTs. Therefore observational studies based on passively observed data are widely accepted as an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-11-11 Jiuyong Li , Thuc Duy Le , Lin Liu , Jixue Liu , Zhou Jin , Bingyu Sun , Saisai Ma

Most existing causal discovery methods rely on the assumption of no latent confounders, limiting their applicability in solving real-life problems. In this paper, we introduce a novel, versatile framework for causal discovery that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Xinshuai Dong , Biwei Huang , Ignavier Ng , Xiangchen Song , Yujia Zheng , Songyao Jin , Roberto Legaspi , Peter Spirtes , Kun Zhang

Causal structure discovery from observational data is fundamental to the causal understanding of autonomous systems such as medical decision support systems, advertising campaigns and self-driving cars. This is essential to solve well-known…