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Related papers: A Survey on Universal Approximation Theorems

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We prove a universal approximation property (UAP) for a class of ODENet and a class of ResNet, which are simplified mathematical models for deep learning systems with skip connections. The UAP can be stated as follows. Let $n$ and $m$ be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Yuto Aizawa , Masato Kimura , Kazunori Matsui

Finite Unified Theories (FUTs) are N=1 supersymmetric Grand Unified Theories that can be made all-loop finite, leading to a severe reduction of the free parameters. We review the investigation of FUTs based on SU(5) in the context of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-02-02 S. Heinemeyer , M. Mondragon , G. Zoupanos

We prove the converse of the universal approximation theorem, i.e. a neural network (NN) encoding theorem which shows that for every stably converged NN of continuous activation functions, its weight matrix actually encodes a continuous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Ng Shyh-Chang , A-Li Luo , Bo Qiu

We study the universal approximation properties of transformers and neural integral operators for operators in Banach spaces. In particular, we show that the transformer architecture is a universal approximator of integral operators between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Emanuele Zappala , Maryam Bagherian

A central problem in machine learning is often formulated as follows: Given a dataset $\{(x_j, y_j)\}_{j=1}^M$, which is a sample drawn from an unknown probability distribution, the goal is to construct a functional model $f$ such that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Hrushikesh N. Mhaskar , Efstratios Tsoukanis , Ameya D. Jagtap

In this paper, we develop a wavelet-based theoretical framework for analyzing the universal approximation capabilities of neural networks over a wide range of activation functions. Leveraging wavelet frame theory on the spaces of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Youngmi Hur , Hyojae Lim , Mikyoung Lim

For certain infinitely-wide neural networks, the neural tangent kernel (NTK) theory fully characterizes generalization, but for the networks used in practice, the empirical NTK only provides a rough first-order approximation. Still, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Guillermo Ortiz-Jiménez , Seyed-Mohsen Moosavi-Dezfooli , Pascal Frossard

It is well known that Artificial Neural Networks are universal approximators. The classical result proves that, given a continuous function on a compact set on an n-dimensional space, then there exists a one-hidden-layer feedforward network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-23 Rocio Gonzalez-Diaz , Miguel A. Gutiérrez-Naranjo , Eduardo Paluzo-Hidalgo

We propose a neural parameterization of convex sets by learning sublinear (positively homogeneous and convex) functions. Our networks implicitly represent both the support and gauge functions of a convex body. We prove a universal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-06 Eloi Martinet

Both the path integral measure in field theory and ensembles of neural networks describe distributions over functions. When the central limit theorem can be applied in the infinite-width (infinite-$N$) limit, the ensemble of networks…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-12-15 Mehmet Demirtas , James Halverson , Anindita Maiti , Matthew D. Schwartz , Keegan Stoner

Neural Networks (NNs) have provided state-of-the-art results for many challenging machine learning tasks such as detection, regression and classification across the domains of computer vision, speech recognition and natural language…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-21 Ethan Goan , Clinton Fookes

Recently, deep learning has achieved huge successes in many important applications. In our previous studies, we proposed quadratic/second-order neurons and deep quadratic neural networks. In a quadratic neuron, the inner product of a vector…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-29 Fenglei Fan , Jinjun Xiong , Ge Wang

Adversarial attacks against machine learning models are a rather hefty obstacle to our increasing reliance on these models. Due to this, provably robust (certified) machine learning models are a major topic of interest. Lipschitz continuous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-11 Jeremy E. J. Cohen , Todd Huster , Ra Cohen

Universality of neural networks describes the ability to approximate arbitrary function, and is a key ingredient to keep the method effective. The established models for universal quantum neural networks(QNN), however, require the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-22 Xiaokai Hou , Guanyu Zhou , Qingyu Li , Shan Jin , Xiaoting Wang

This paper studies the approximation capacity of neural networks with an arbitrary activation function and with norm constraint on the weights. Upper and lower bounds on the approximation error of these networks are computed for smooth…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-24 Francesco Paolo Maiale , Anastasiia Trofimova , Arturo De Marinis

Memory is the foundation of all human activities; without memory, it would be nearly impossible for people to perform any task in daily life. With the development of Large Language Models (LLMs), their language capabilities are becoming…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Wei Wang , Qing Li

We review neural network architectures which were motivated by Fourier series and integrals and which are referred to as Fourier neural networks. These networks are empirically evaluated in synthetic and real-world tasks. Neither of them…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Abylay Zhumekenov , Malika Uteuliyeva , Olzhas Kabdolov , Rustem Takhanov , Zhenisbek Assylbekov , Alejandro J. Castro

A neural network computes a function. A central property of neural networks is that they are "universal approximators:" for a given continuous function, there exists a neural network that can approximate it arbitrarily well, given enough…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-12-24 Arthur Choi , Ruocheng Wang , Adnan Darwiche

Leveraging the infinite dimensional neural network architecture we proposed in arXiv:2109.13512v4 and which can process inputs from Fr\'echet spaces, and using the universal approximation property shown therein, we now largely extend the…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2024-06-14 Luca Galimberti

We present a novel neural-networks-based algorithm to compute optimal transport maps and plans for strong and weak transport costs. To justify the usage of neural networks, we prove that they are universal approximators of transport plans…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Alexander Korotin , Daniil Selikhanovych , Evgeny Burnaev