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Let $x \in S^{n-1}$ be a unit eigenvector of an $n \times n$ random matrix. This vector is delocalized if it is distributed roughly uniformly over the real or complex sphere. This intuitive notion can be quantified in various ways. In these…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-07-27 Mark Rudelson

We prove improved bounds on how localized an eigenvector of a high girth regular graph can be, and present examples showing that these bounds are close to sharp. This study was initiated by Brooks and Lindenstrauss (2009) who relied on the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-08-06 Shirshendu Ganguly , Nikhil Srivastava

Using our previously published algorithm, we analyze the eigenvectors of the generalized Laplacian for two metric graphs occurring in practical applications. As expected, localization of an eigenvector is rare and the network should be…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-02-08 H. Kravitz , M. Brio , J. -G. Caputo

Improving upon results of Rudelson and Vershynin, we establish delocalization bounds for eigenvectors of independent-entry random matrices. In particular, we show that with high probability every eigenvector is delocalized, meaning any…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-02-01 Kyle Luh , Sean O'Rourke

In the case of graph partitioning, the emergence of localized eigenvectors can cause the standard spectral method to fail. To overcome this problem, the spectral method using a non-backtracking matrix was proposed. Based on numerical…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2016-03-18 Tatsuro Kawamoto

We analyse the eigenvectors of the adjacency matrix of a random inhomogeneous graph constructed from a specified degree sequence. We assume that the empirical degree sequence has bounded mean and variance. We show that near the edges of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-14 Thomas Buc-d'Alché , Antti Knowles

We prove that the eigenvectors associated to small enough eigenvalues of an heavy-tailed symmetric random matrix are delocalized with probability tending to one as the size of the matrix grows to infinity. The delocalization is measured…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-08-23 Charles Bordenave , Alice Guionnet

We study the eigenvectors of generalized Wigner matrices with subexponential entries and prove that they delocalize at the optimal rate with overwhelming probability. We also prove high probability delocalization bounds with sharp…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-09-10 Lucas Benigni , Patrick Lopatto

We examine the empirical distribution of the eigenvalues and the eigenvectors of adjacency matrices of sparse regular random graphs. We find that when the degree sequence of the graph slowly increases to infinity with the number of…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-10-15 Ioana Dumitriu , Soumik Pal

We review the properties of eigenvectors for the graph Laplacian matrix, aiming at predicting a specific eigenvalue/vector from the geometry of the graph. After considering classical graphs for which the spectrum is known, we focus on…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2023-01-23 J. -G. Caputo , A. Knippel

We analyse the eigenvectors of the adjacency matrix of the Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi graph on $N$ vertices with edge probability $\frac{d}{N}$. We determine the full region of delocalization by determining the critical values of $\frac{d}{\log N}$…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-12-03 Johannes Alt , Raphael Ducatez , Antti Knowles

We prove that with high probability, every eigenvector of a random matrix is delocalized in the sense that any subset of its coordinates carries a non-negligible portion of its $\ell_2$ norm. Our results pertain to a wide class of random…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-12-23 Mark Rudelson , Roman Vershynin

We propose a version of the Quantum Ergodicity theorem on large regular graphs of fixed valency. This is a property of delocalization of "most" eigenfunctions. We consider expander graphs with few short cycles (for instance random large…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-11-03 Nalini Anantharaman , Etienne Le Masson

Uncertainty principles present an important theoretical tool in signal processing, as they provide limits on the time-frequency concentration of a signal. In many real-world applications the signal domain has a complicated irregular…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Elizaveta Rebrova , Palina Salanevich

We investigate delocalization phenomena for eigenvectors of real random matrices that are invariant by orthogonal transformations. A specific phenomenon with these ensembles is that an eigenvector is typically more localized when its…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-02-12 Lucas Benigni , Simon Coste , Guillaume Dubach

We prove that an n by n random matrix G with independent entries is completely delocalized. Suppose the entries of G have zero means, variances uniformly bounded below, and a uniform tail decay of exponential type. Then with high…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-11-04 Mark Rudelson , Roman Vershynin

We prove a central limit theorem for the components of the eigenvectors corresponding to the $d$ largest eigenvalues of the normalized Laplacian matrix of a finite dimensional random dot product graph. As a corollary, we show that for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-07-29 Minh Tang , Carey E. Priebe

We analyse the eigenvectors of the adjacency matrix of the Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi graph $\mathbb G(N,d/N)$ for $\sqrt{\log N} \ll d \lesssim \log N$. We show the existence of a localized phase, where each eigenvector is exponentially localized…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-12-21 Johannes Alt , Raphael Ducatez , Antti Knowles

We show that, with very high probability, the random graph Laplacian has simple spectrum. Our method provides a quantitatively effective estimate of the spectral gaps. Along the way, we establish results on affine no-gaps delocalization,…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-03-18 Nicholas Christoffersen , Kyle Luh , Hoi H. Nguyen , Jingheng Wang

We prove that the bulk eigenvectors of sparse random matrices, i.e. the adjacency matrices of Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi graphs or random regular graphs, are asymptotically jointly normal, provided the averaged degree increases with the size of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-06-30 Paul Bourgade , Jiaoyang Huang , Horng-Tzer Yau
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