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Related papers: Factorial Difference-in-Differences

200 papers

The difference-in-differences (DID) design is widely used in observational studies to estimate the causal effect of a treatment when repeated observations over time are available. Yet, almost all existing methods assume linearity in the…

Applications · Statistics 2020-09-29 Soichiro Yamauchi

Since the initial work by Ashenfelter and Card in 1985, the use of difference-in-differences (DID) study design has become widespread. However, as pointed out in the literature, this popular quasi-experimental design also suffers estimation…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-31 Xiaoming Wang , Sukun Wang

This paper studies staggered Difference-in-Differences (DiD) design when there is a second event confounding the target event. When the events are correlated, the treatment and the control group are unevenly exposed to the effects of the…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-01-22 Lin-Tung Tsai

Ever since the seminal work of R. A. Fisher and F. Yates, factorial designs have been an important experimental tool to simultaneously estimate the effects of multiple treatment factors. In factorial designs, the number of treatment…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-21 Lei Shi , Jingshen Wang , Peng Ding

In this article, we consider identification, estimation, and inference procedures for treatment effect parameters using Difference-in-Differences (DiD) with (i) multiple time periods, (ii) variation in treatment timing, and (iii) when the…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-12-02 Brantly Callaway , Pedro H. C. Sant'Anna

This paper investigates efficient Difference-in-Differences (DiD) and Event Study (ES) estimation using short panel data sets within the heterogeneous treatment effect framework, free from parametric functional form assumptions and allowing…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-06-24 Xiaohong Chen , Pedro H. C. Sant'Anna , Haitian Xie

While a randomized control trial is considered the gold standard for estimating causal treatment effects, there are many research settings in which randomization is infeasible or unethical. In such cases, researchers rely on analytical…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-21 Julia C. Thome , Peter F. Rebeiro , Andrew J. Spieker , Bryan E. Shepherd

Difference-in-Differences (DID) research designs usually rely on variation of treatment timing such that, after making an appropriate parallel trends assumption, one can identify, estimate, and make inference about causal effects. In…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-09-07 Michelle Marcus , Pedro H. C. Sant'Anna

The difference-in-differences (DID) research design is a key identification strategy which allows researchers to estimate causal effects under the parallel trends assumption. While the parallel trends assumption is counterfactual and cannot…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-12 Jonas M. Mikhaeil , Christopher Harshaw

We consider the design and analysis of multi-factor experiments using fractional factorial and incomplete designs within the potential outcome framework. These designs are particularly useful when limited resources make running a full…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-01-31 Nicole E. Pashley , Marie-Abele C. Bind

Remarkable progress has been made in difference-in-differences (DID) approaches to causal inference that estimate the average effect of a treatment on the treated (ATT). Of these, the semiparametric DID (SDID) approach incorporates a…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-09 Takamichi Baba , Yoshiyuki Ninomiya

Triple difference-in-differences designs are widely used to estimate causal effects in empirical work. Surveying the literature, we find that most applications include controls. We show that this standard practice is generally biased for…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-06-13 Dor Leventer

Unmeasured confounding is a key threat to reliable causal inference based on observational studies. Motivated from two powerful natural experiment devices, the instrumental variables and difference-in-differences, we propose a new method…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-11-09 Ting Ye , Ashkan Ertefaie , James Flory , Sean Hennessy , Dylan S. Small

This paper studies Difference-in-Differences (DiD) setups with repeated cross-sectional data and potential compositional changes across time periods. We begin our analysis by deriving the efficient influence function and the semiparametric…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-11-17 Pedro H. C. Sant'Anna , Qi Xu

This paper introduces the Difference-in-Differences Bayesian Causal Forest (DiD-BCF), a novel non-parametric model addressing key challenges in DiD estimation, such as staggered adoption and heterogeneous treatment effects. DiD-BCF provides…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-10 Hugo Gobato Souto , Francisco Louzada Neto

Difference-in-differences (DID) is one of the most widely used causal inference frameworks in observational studies. However, most existing DID methods are designed for binary treatments and cannot be readily applied to non-binary treatment…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-01 Siyu Heng , Yuan Huang , Hyunseung Kang

Difference-in-differences (DiD) is one of the most popular approaches for empirical research in economics, political science, and beyond. Identification in these models is based on the conditional parallel trends assumption: In the absence…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-10-13 Philipp Bach , Sven Klaassen , Jannis Kueck , Mara Mattes , Martin Spindler

Applied Difference-in-Differences studies often involve outcomes that are discrete, mixed, censored, or otherwise non-continuously distributed, while policy questions frequently concern distributional effects rather than mean effects alone.…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-05-22 Nelly K. Djuazon , Emmanuel Selorm Tsyawo

A popular method for estimating a causal treatment effect with observational data is the difference-in-differences (DiD) model. In this work, we consider an extension of the classical DiD setting to the hierarchical context in which data…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-10-17 James Normington , Eric F. Lock , Thomas A. Murray , Caroline S. Carlin

Difference-in-differences (DID) is a popular approach to identify the causal effects of treatments and policies in the presence of unmeasured confounding. DID identifies the sample average treatment effect in the treated (SATT). However, a…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-21 Audrey Renson , Ellicott C. Matthay , Kara E. Rudolph