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Reliable machine learning and statistical analysis rely on diverse, well-distributed training data. However, real-world datasets are often limited in size and exhibit underrepresentation across key subpopulations, leading to biased…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-15 Xinyu Tian , Xiaotong Shen

Recent advances in continuous generative models, including multi-step approaches like diffusion and flow-matching (typically requiring 8-1000 sampling steps) and few-step methods such as consistency models (typically 1-8 steps), have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Peng Sun , Yi Jiang , Tao Lin

Flow matching has emerged as a promising framework for training generative models, demonstrating impressive empirical performance while offering relative ease of training compared to diffusion-based models. However, this method still…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Quan Dao , Hao Phung , Trung Dao , Dimitris Metaxas , Anh Tran

Conditional discrete generative models struggle to faithfully compose multiple input conditions. To address this, we derive a theoretically-grounded formulation for composing discrete probabilistic generative processes, with masked…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Jamie Stirling , Noura Al-Moubayed , Chris G. Willcocks , Hubert P. H. Shum

Conditional discrete generative models struggle to faithfully compose multiple input conditions. To address this, we derive a theoretically-grounded formulation for composing discrete probabilistic generative processes, with masked…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Jamie Stirling , Noura Al-Moubayed , Chris G. Willcocks , Hubert P. H. Shum

Diffusion models have significantly advanced the fields of image, audio, and video generation, but they depend on an iterative sampling process that causes slow generation. To overcome this limitation, we propose consistency models, a new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Yang Song , Prafulla Dhariwal , Mark Chen , Ilya Sutskever

Recently, the growing capabilities of deep generative models have underscored their potential in enhancing image classification accuracy. However, existing methods often demand the generation of a disproportionately large number of images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Tao Huang , Jiaqi Liu , Shan You , Chang Xu

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), especially temporally resolved datasets, enables genome-wide profiling of gene expression dynamics at single-cell resolution across discrete time points. However, current technologies provide only…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-19 Yue Ling , Peiqi Zhang , Zhenyi Zhang , Peijie Zhou

We present a novel approach for generating minority samples that live on low-density regions of a data manifold. Our framework is built upon diffusion models, leveraging the principle of guided sampling that incorporates an arbitrary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Soobin Um , Jong Chul Ye

In this paper, we explore the potential of generative machine learning models as an alternative to the computationally expensive Monte Carlo (MC) simulations commonly used by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments. Our objective is to…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2023-11-21 Allison Xu , Shuo Han , Xiangyang Ju , Haichen Wang

Discovering genes with similar functions across diverse biomedical contexts poses a significant challenge in gene representation learning due to data heterogeneity. In this study, we resolve this problem by introducing a novel model called…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Tianyu Liu , Yuge Wang , Rex Ying , Hongyu Zhao

Data augmentation is a valuable tool for the design of deep learning systems to overcome data limitations and stabilize the training process. Especially in the medical domain, where the collection of large-scale data sets is challenging and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Mane Margaryan , Matthias Seibold , Indu Joshi , Mazda Farshad , Philipp Fürnstahl , Nassir Navab

Mean flow (MeanFlow) enables efficient, high-fidelity image generation, yet its single-function evaluation (1-NFE) generation often cannot yield compelling results. We address this issue by introducing RMFlow, an efficient multimodal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yuhao Huang , Shih-Hsin Wang , Andrea L. Bertozzi , Bao Wang

Acquiring and annotating surgical data is often resource-intensive, ethical constraining, and requiring significant expert involvement. While generative AI models like text-to-image can alleviate data scarcity, incorporating spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Aditya Bhat , Rupak Bose , Chinedu Innocent Nwoye , Nicolas Padoy

With the advancement of modern medicine and the development of technologies such as MRI, CT, and cellular analysis, it has become increasingly critical for clinicians to accurately interpret various diagnostic images. However, modern…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-05 Ruiming Min , Minghao Liu

Anomaly detection is a practical and challenging task due to the scarcity of anomaly samples in industrial inspection. Some existing anomaly detection methods address this issue by synthesizing anomalies with noise or external data.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Guan Gui , Bin-Bin Gao , Jun Liu , Chengjie Wang , Yunsheng Wu

Deep generative models have made rapid progress in image, text, audio, and video generation, and are increasingly being applied to structured records. For tabular data, however, generative modeling remains difficult: a dataset may contain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Zhong Li , Qi Huang , Lincen Yang , Jiayang Shi , Zhao Yang , Niki van Stein , Thomas Bäck , Matthijs van Leeuwen

Multimodal deep learning has substantially improved electrocardiogram (ECG) classification by jointly leveraging time, frequency, and time-frequency representations. However, existing generative models typically synthesize these modalities…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-31 Timothy Oladunni , Farouk Ganiyu-Adewumi , Clyde Baidoo , Kyndal Maclin

Current discriminative depth estimation methods often produce blurry artifacts, while generative approaches suffer from slow sampling due to curvatures in the noise-to-depth transport. Our method addresses these challenges by framing depth…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Ming Gui , Johannes Schusterbauer , Ulrich Prestel , Pingchuan Ma , Dmytro Kotovenko , Olga Grebenkova , Stefan Andreas Baumann , Vincent Tao Hu , Björn Ommer

Estimating the counterfactual outcome of treatment is essential for decision-making in public health and clinical science, among others. Often, treatments are administered in a sequential, time-varying manner, leading to an exponentially…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-07-16 Shenghao Wu , Wenbin Zhou , Minshuo Chen , Shixiang Zhu