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Federated learning (FL) allows multiple parties (distributed devices) to train a machine learning model without sharing raw data. How to effectively and efficiently utilize the resources on devices and the central server is a highly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Guangyu Zhu , Yiqin Deng , Xianhao Chen , Haixia Zhang , Yuguang Fang , Tan F. Wong

Split federated learning (SFL) is a recent distributed approach for collaborative model training among multiple clients. In SFL, a global model is typically split into two parts, where clients train one part in a parallel federated manner,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Pengchao Han , Chao Huang , Geng Tian , Ming Tang , Xin Liu

The traditional framework of federated learning (FL) requires each client to re-train their models in every iteration, making it infeasible for resource-constrained mobile devices to train deep-learning (DL) models. Split learning (SL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Manas Wadhwa , Gagan Raj Gupta , Ashutosh Sahu , Rahul Saini , Vidhi Mittal

Vehicular edge intelligence (VEI) is vital for future intelligent transportation systems. However, traditional centralized learning in dynamic vehicular networks faces significant communication overhead and privacy risks. Split federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Lu Yu , Zheng Chang , Ying-Chang Liang

In the ever-changing world of technology, continuous authentication and comprehensive access management are essential during user interactions with a device. Split Learning (SL) and Federated Learning (FL) have recently emerged as promising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Mohamad Wazzeh , Mohamad Arafeh , Hani Sami , Hakima Ould-Slimane , Chamseddine Talhi , Azzam Mourad , Hadi Otrok

Federated learning (FL) offers a privacy-preserving collaborative approach for training models in wireless networks, with channel estimation emerging as a promising application. Despite extensive studies on FL-empowered channel estimation,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Zexin Fang , Bin Han , Hans D. Schotten

In this work, we propose Salient Sparse Federated Learning (SSFL), a streamlined approach for sparse federated learning with efficient communication. SSFL identifies a sparse subnetwork prior to training, leveraging parameter saliency…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Riyasat Ohib , Bishal Thapaliya , Gintare Karolina Dziugaite , Jingyu Liu , Vince Calhoun , Sergey Plis

Federated learning (FL) is a new paradigm for distributed machine learning that allows a global model to be trained across multiple clients without compromising their privacy. Although FL has demonstrated remarkable success in various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Haolin Wang , Xuefeng Liu , Jianwei Niu , Shaojie Tang , Jiaxing Shen

Federated learning (FL) leverages client-server communications to train global models on decentralized data. However, communication noise or errors can impair model accuracy. To address this problem, we propose a novel FL algorithm that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Ehsan Lari , Reza Arablouei , Vinay Chakravarthi Gogineni , Stefan Werner

Federated Learning (FL) offers a decentralized framework for training and fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) by leveraging computational resources across organizations while keeping sensitive data on local devices. It addresses…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Md Jueal Mia , M. Hadi Amini

The rapid growth of Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) devices has resulted in significant security risks, particularly the risk of malware attacks on resource-constrained devices. Conventional deep learning methods are impractical due to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Siva Sai , Manish Prasad , Animesh Bhargava , Vinay Chamola , Rajkumar Buyya

Decentralized federated learning (DFL) is an effective approach to train a deep learning model at multiple nodes over a multi-hop network, without the need of a server having direct connections to all nodes. In general, as long as nodes are…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Yi Shi , Yalin E. Sagduyu , Tugba Erpek

Deploying foundation models (FMs) on uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) promises broad ``low-altitude economy'' applications. Split federated learning (SFL)-based fine-tuning leverages distributed data while keeping raw data local and reduces…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Zizhen Zhou , Ying-Chang Liang , Yanyu Cheng , Wei Yang Bryan Lim

In Federated Learning (FL), clients may have weak devices that cannot train the full model or even hold it in their memory space. To implement large-scale FL applications, thus, it is crucial to develop a distributed learning method that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Sunwoo Lee , Tuo Zhang , Saurav Prakash , Yue Niu , Salman Avestimehr

With the advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs), LLM applications have expanded into a growing number of fields. However, users with data privacy concerns face limitations in directly utilizing LLM APIs, while private deployments incur…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Zixuan Gu , Qiufeng Fan , Long Sun , Yang Liu , Xiaojun Ye

Model-free techniques, such as machine learning (ML), have recently attracted much interest towards the physical layer design, e.g., symbol detection, channel estimation, and beamforming. Most of these ML techniques employ centralized…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-09 Ahmet M. Elbir , Anastasios K. Papazafeiropoulos , Symeon Chatzinotas

Mobile devices are indispensable sources of big data. Federated learning (FL) has a great potential in exploiting these private data by exchanging locally trained models instead of their raw data. However, mobile devices are often energy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Hankyul Baek , Won Joon Yun , Soyi Jung , Jihong Park , Mingyue Ji , Joongheon Kim , Mehdi Bennis

Federated Learning (FL) trains machine learning models on edge devices with distributed data. However, the computational and memory limitations of these devices restrict the training of large models using FL. Split Federated Learning (SFL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Di Wu , Weibo He , Wanglei Feng , Zhenyu Wen , Bin Qian , Blesson Varghese

Semantic communication can significantly improve bandwidth utilization in wireless systems by exploiting the meaning behind raw data. However, the advancements achieved through semantic communication are closely dependent on the development…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Loc X. Nguyen , Ji Su Yoon , Huy Q. Le , Yu Qiao , Avi Deb Raha , Eui-Nam Huh , Walid Saad , Dusit Niyato , Zhu Han , Choong Seon Hong

Federated Learning (FL) is a popular collaborative learning scheme involving multiple clients and a server. FL focuses on protecting clients' data but turns out to be highly vulnerable to Intellectual Property (IP) threats. Since FL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Jingtao Li , Adnan Siraj Rakin , Xing Chen , Li Yang , Zhezhi He , Deliang Fan , Chaitali Chakrabarti