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Federated learning (FL) provides a privacy-preserving solution for fine-tuning pre-trained large language models (LLMs) using distributed private datasets, enabling task-specific adaptation while preserving data privacy. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Na Yan , Yang Su , Yansha Deng , Robert Schober

Federated learning (FL) is a key enabler for efficient communication and computing, leveraging devices' distributed computing capabilities. However, applying FL in practice is challenging due to the local devices' heterogeneous energy,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-23 Won Joon Yun , Yunseok Kwak , Hankyul Baek , Soyi Jung , Mingyue Ji , Mehdi Bennis , Jihong Park , Joongheon Kim

Previous studies on federated learning (FL) often encounter performance degradation due to data heterogeneity among different clients. In light of the recent advances in multimodal large language models (MLLMs), such as GPT-4v and LLaVA,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Jianyi Zhang , Hao Frank Yang , Ang Li , Xin Guo , Pu Wang , Haiming Wang , Yiran Chen , Hai Li

SplitFed Learning (SFL) combines federated learning and split learning to enable collaborative training across distributed edge devices; however, it faces significant challenges in heterogeneous environments with diverse computational and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Abdullah Al Asif , Sixing Yu , Juan Pablo Munoz , Arya Mazaheri , Ali Jannesari

Increasing concerns on intelligent spectrum sensing call for efficient training and inference technologies. In this paper, we propose a novel federated learning (FL) framework, dubbed federated spectrum learning (FSL), which exploits the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Bo Yang , Xuelin Cao , Chongwen Huang , Chau Yuen , Marco Di Renzo , Yong Liang Guan , Dusit Niyato , Lijun Qian , Merouane Debbah

This work aims to tackle Model Inversion (MI) attack on Split Federated Learning (SFL). SFL is a recent distributed training scheme where multiple clients send intermediate activations (i.e., feature map), instead of raw data, to a central…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Jingtao Li , Adnan Siraj Rakin , Xing Chen , Zhezhi He , Deliang Fan , Chaitali Chakrabarti

To enable training of large artificial intelligence (AI) models at the network edge, split federated learning (SFL) has emerged as a promising approach by distributing computation between edge devices and a server. However, while unstable…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Wei Wei , Zheng Lin , Xihui Liu , Hongyang Du , Dusit Niyato , Xianhao Chen

In the distributed collaborative machine learning (DCML) paradigm, federated learning (FL) recently attracted much attention due to its applications in health, finance, and the latest innovations such as industry 4.0 and smart vehicles. FL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Chandra Thapa , M. A. P. Chamikara , Seyit A. Camtepe

The hierarchical architecture of Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) has enabled a new Federated Learning (FL) paradigm that trains models using data from non- and near-real-time (near-RT) Radio Intelligent Controllers (RICs). However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Shunxian Gu , Chaoqun You , Bangbang Ren , Deke Guo

Federated learning (FL) and split learning (SL) are state-of-the-art distributed machine learning techniques to enable machine learning training without accessing raw data on clients or end devices. However, their \emph{comparative training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-05 Yansong Gao , Minki Kim , Chandra Thapa , Sharif Abuadbba , Zhi Zhang , Seyit A. Camtepe , Hyoungshick Kim , Surya Nepal

Large Language Models (LLMs) herald a transformative era in artificial intelligence (AI). However, the expansive scale of data and parameters of LLMs requires high-demand computational and memory resources, restricting their accessibility…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Shengwen Ding , Chenhui Hu

As AI models expand in size, it has become increasingly challenging to deploy federated learning (FL) on resource-constrained edge devices. To tackle this issue, split federated learning (SFL) has emerged as an FL framework with reduced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Zheng Lin , Wei Wei , Zhe Chen , Chan-Tong Lam , Xianhao Chen , Yue Gao , Jun Luo

While federated learning (FL) is a widely popular distributed machine learning (ML) strategy that protects data privacy, time-varying wireless network parameters and heterogeneous configurations of the wireless devices pose significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Ferdous Pervej , Minseok Choi , Andreas F. Molisch

Recently, federated learning (FL) has emerged as a popular technique for edge AI to mine valuable knowledge in edge computing (EC) systems. To mitigate the computing/communication burden on resource-constrained workers and protect model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Yunming Liao , Yang Xu , Hongli Xu , Lun Wang , Zhiwei Yao , Chunming Qiao

Federated learning (FL) enables multiple clients to collaboratively train a machine learning model without sharing their raw data. However, the limited computation resources of the clients may result in a high delay and energy consumption…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Chuiyang Meng , Ming Tang , Vincent W. S. Wong

Federated learning (FL) enables the collaborative training of deep neural networks across decentralized data archives (i.e., clients) without sharing the local data of the clients. Most of the existing FL methods assume that the data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Barış Büyüktaş , Gencer Sumbul , Begüm Demir

Vertical federated learning trains models from feature-partitioned datasets across multiple clients, who collaborate without sharing their local data. Standard approaches assume that all feature partitions are available during both training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Pedro Valdeira , Shiqiang Wang , Yuejie Chi

Recently, federated learning (FL) has emerged as a promising distributed machine learning (ML) technology, owing to the advancing computational and sensing capacities of end-user devices, however with the increasing concerns on users'…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Kang Wei , Jun Li , Chuan Ma , Ming Ding , Sha Wei , Fan Wu , Guihai Chen , Thilina Ranbaduge

Extreme resource constraints make large-scale machine learning (ML) with distributed clients challenging in wireless networks. On the one hand, large-scale ML requires massive information exchange between clients and server(s). On the other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Md-Ferdous Pervej , Andreas F. Molisch

Multi-task large language models (MTLLMs) are important for many applications at the wireless edge, where users demand specialized models to handle multiple tasks efficiently. However, training MTLLMs is complex and exhaustive, particularly…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-09 Aladin Djuhera , Vlad C. Andrei , Mohsen Pourghasemian , Haris Gacanin , Holger Boche , Walid Saad