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As sustainability takes center stage across businesses, green and energy-efficient choices are more crucial than ever. While it is becoming increasingly evident that software and the software industry are substantial and rapidly evolving…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Rohit Mehra , Vibhu Saujanya Sharma , Vikrant Kaulgud , Sanjay Podder , Adam P. Burden

Climate change is profoundly affecting nearly all aspects of life on earth, including human societies, economies and health. Various human activities are responsible for significant greenhouse gas emissions, including data centres and other…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Loïc Lannelongue , Jason Grealey , Michael Inouye

The amount of energy consumed during the execution of software, and the ability to predict future consumption, is an important factor in the design of embedded electronic systems. In this technical report I examine factors in the execution…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-11-11 Jeremy Morse

The proliferation of software and AI comes with a hidden risk: its growing energy and carbon footprint. As concerns regarding environmental sustainability come to the forefront, understanding and optimizing how software impacts the…

Environmental sustainability is a major and relevant challenge facing computing. Therefore, we must start teaching theory, techniques, and practices that both increase an awareness in our student population as well a provide concrete advice…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Henrik Bærbak Christensen , Maja Hanne Kirkeby , Bent Thomsen , Lone Leth Thomsen

Technology use has grown rapidly in recent years. It is infused in virtually every aspect of organizational and individual life. This technology runs on servers, typically in data centers. As workloads grow, more serves are required. Each…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Kaushik Dutta , Debra Vandermeer

Enabling observability in software systems brings many benefits. It can, for example, ease the identification of issues or the implementation of improvements. It is especially critical to be able to observe sustainability-related dimensions…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Klervie Toczé , Andrei Dragomir , Vincenzo Stoico , Patricia Lago

With the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT), the percentage of global emissions attributable to Information Systems is expected to further increase in the coming years, due to a proliferation of Internet-connected devices omnipresent in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-06-22 Nadia Gamez , Jose-Miguel Horcas , Monica Pinto , Lidia Fuentes

The need and theoretical methods for measuring and reducing CO2 emitted by computing systems are well understood, but real-world examples are still limited. We describe a journey towards green software for a live product running on a public…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-16 James Uther

The environmental impact of software is gaining increasing attention as the demand for computational resources continues to rise. In order to optimize software resource consumption and reduce carbon emissions, measuring and evaluating…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Geerd-Dietger Hoffmann , Verena Majuntke

IT power usage is a significant concern. Data center energy consumption is estimated to account for 1% to 1.5% of all energy consumption worldwide. Hardware designers, data center designers, and other members of the IT community have been…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Kaushik Dutta , Debra Vandermeer

Footprints provide a way to estimate the relative impact of processes and products on the global climate. Including footprint analysis in a course on energy simultaneously provides students with an understanding of this tool and a…

Physics Education · Physics 2023-08-24 Seth A. Major

The ICT sector, responsible for 2% of global carbon emissions, is under scrutiny calling for methodologies and tools to design and develop software in an environmentally sustainable-by-design manner. However, the software engineering…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Ornela Danushi , Stefano Forti , Jacopo Soldani

With the climate crisis looming, engineering sustainable software systems become crucial to optimize resource utilization, minimize environmental impact, and foster a greener, more resilient digital ecosystem. For developers, getting access…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Priyavanshi Pathania , Rohit Mehra , Vibhu Saujanya Sharma , Vikrant Kaulgud , Sanjay Podder , Adam P. Burden

The necessity to adapt current products and services into a way of working environmentally friendly is already a social and economic demand. Although the GreenIT can be considered a mature discipline, software sustainability, both in its…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-01-23 Coral Calero , M. Angeles Moraga , Manuel F. Bertoa

The design of embedded systems is a complex activity that involves a lot of decisions. With high performance demands of present day usage scenarios and software, they often involve energy hungry state-of-the-art computing units. While…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-01-03 Ivan Švogor

Machine learning and deep learning models have become essential in the recent fast development of artificial intelligence in many sectors of the society. It is now widely acknowledge that the development of these models has an environmental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Lucia Bouza Heguerte , Aurélie Bugeau , Loïc Lannelongue

Concerns about the environmental footprint of machine learning are increasing. While studies of energy use and emissions of ML models are a growing subfield, most ML researchers and developers still do not incorporate energy measurement as…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-25 Akshaya Jagannadharao , Nicole Beckage , Sovan Biswas , Hilary Egan , Jamil Gafur , Thijs Metsch , Dawn Nafus , Giuseppe Raffa , Charles Tripp

Progressing digitalization and increasing demand and use of software cause rises in energy- and resource consumption from information and communication technologies (ICT). This raises the issue of sustainability in ICT, which increasingly…

Much debate nowadays is devoted to the impacts of modern information and communication technology on global carbon emissions. Green information and communication technology is a paradigm creating a sustainable and environmentally friendly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Iztok Fister , Dušan Fister , Vili Podgorelec , Iztok Fister
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