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Capturing pupil diameter is essential for assessing psychological and physiological states such as stress levels and cognitive load. However, the low resolution of images in eye datasets often hampers precise measurement. This study…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Vijul Shah , Brian B. Moser , Ko Watanabe , Andreas Dengel

Unobtrusive every day health monitoring can be of important use for the elderly population. In particular, pupil size may be a valuable source of information, since, apart from pathological cases, it can reveal the emotional state, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2013-12-02 Sergios Petridis , Theodoros Giannakopoulos , Costantine D. Spyropoulos

Head-mounted eye trackers promise convenient access to reliable gaze data in unconstrained environments. Due to several limitations, however, often they can only partially deliver on this promise. Among those are the following: (i) the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-02 Marc Tonsen , Chris Kay Baumann , Kai Dierkes

Commercial head-mounted eye trackers provide useful features to customers in industry and research but are expensive and rely on closed source hardware and software. This limits the application areas and use of mobile eye tracking to expert…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-05-02 Moritz Kassner , William Patera , Andreas Bulling

In this paper, we will present a method for measuring cognitive load and online real-time feedback using the Tobii Pro 2 eye-tracking glasses. The system is envisaged to be capable of estimating high cognitive load states and situations,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-12-20 Georgios Minadakis , Katrin Lohan

In this paper, we are interested in iris biometric applications. More precisely, our contribution consists in designing both a pupil detection and a tracking procedure from video sequences acquired by low-cost webcams. The novelty of our…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-27 Nedra Benletaief , Amel Benazza-Benyahia , Stephane Derrode

This paper compares the pupillary activity index to traditional eye-tracking metrics like the fixation count and duration in assessing neonatal pain. It explores the benefits of incorporating pupillary activity measures to improve methods…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-21 Roberto Magalhaes , Rafael Orsi , Marina Barros , Ruth Guinsburg , Carlos E Thomaz

Real-time, accurate, and robust pupil detection is an essential prerequisite for pervasive video-based eye-tracking. However, automated pupil detection in real-world scenarios has proven to be an intricate challenge due to fast illumination…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-01-20 Wolfgang Fuhl , Thiago Santini , Gjergji Kasneci , Enkelejda Kasneci

Video-based eye tracking is a valuable technique in various research fields. Numerous open-source eye tracking algorithms have been developed in recent years, primarily designed for general application with many different camera types.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-06-28 Terence Brouns

With the development of widely available commercial eye trackers, the use of eye tracking and pupillometry have become prevalent tools in cognitive research, both in industry and academia. However, dealing with pupil recordings often proves…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-11 Helia Relaño-Iborra , Per Bækgaard

The application of psychophysiological signals in human-computer interaction is a growing field with significant potential for future smart personalised systems. Working in this emerging field requires comprehension of an array of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2016-09-01 Oswald Barral

In this paper, we present a new feature that can be used to classify cognitive load based on pupil information. The feature consists of a temporal segmentation of the eye tracking recordings. For each segment of the temporal partition, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Wolfgang Fuhl , Susanne Zabel , Theresa Harbig , Julia Astrid Moldt , Teresa Festl Wiete , Anne Herrmann Werner , Kay Nieselt

Wearable pupil detection systems often separate the analysis of the captured wearer's eye images for wirelessly-tethered back-end systems. We argue in this paper that investigating hardware-software co-designs would bring along…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Ankur Raj , Diwas Bhattarai , Kristof Van Laerhoven

This article aims to cover pupillography, and its potential use in a number of ophthalmological diagnostic applications in biomedical space. With the ever-increasing incorporation of technology within our daily lives and an ever-growing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Usama Younus , Nirupam Roy

Real-time, accurate, and robust pupil detection is an essential prerequisite to enable pervasive eye-tracking and its applications -- e.g., gaze-based human computer interaction, health monitoring, foveated rendering, and advanced driver…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-04-30 Thiago Santini , Wolfgang Fuhl , Enkelejda Kasneci

This paper describes a feature extraction and gaze estimation software, named \textit{Pistol} that can be used with Pupil Invisible projects and other eye trackers in the future. In offline mode, our software extracts multiple features from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-13 Wolfgang Fuhl , Daniel Weber , Shahram Eivazi

Three different algorithms used for eye pupil location were described and tested. Algorithm efficiency comparison was based on human faces images taken from the BioID database. Moreover all the eye localisation methods were implemented in a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2012-03-01 Michal Ciesla , Przemyslaw Koziol

We present labelled pupils in the wild (LPW), a novel dataset of 66 high-quality, high-speed eye region videos for the development and evaluation of pupil detection algorithms. The videos in our dataset were recorded from 22 participants in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-02-07 Marc Tonsen , Xucong Zhang , Yusuke Sugano , Andreas Bulling

Eye tracking spreads through a vast area of applications from ophthalmology, assistive technologies to gaming and virtual reality. Precisely detecting the pupil's contour and center is the very first step in many of these tasks, hence needs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-08-10 Cihan Topal , Halil Ibrahim Cakir , Cuneyt Akinlar

Pupil dilation is recognized as an objective indicator of emotional arousal, but confounding factors such as the luminosity of stimuli and the surrounding environment have greatly limited its practical usefulness. This study presents a new…

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