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The emergence of mobile eye trackers embedded in next generation smartphones or VR displays will make it possible to trace not only what objects we look at but also the level of attention in a given situation. Exploring whether we can…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2016-02-17 Per Bækgaard , Michael Kai Petersen , Jakob Eg Larsen

In this paper we present a new approach for pupil segmentation. It can be computed and trained very efficiently, making it ideal for online use for high speed eye trackers as well as for energy saving pupil detection in mobile eye tracking.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-04 Wolfgang Fuhl

We present a simple, real-time approach for pupil tracking from live video on mobile devices. Our method extends a state-of-the-art face mesh detector with two new components: a tiny neural network that predicts positions of the pupils in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Artsiom Ablavatski , Andrey Vakunov , Ivan Grishchenko , Karthik Raveendran , Matsvei Zhdanovich

A user's eyes provide means for Human Computer Interaction (HCI) research as an important modal. The time to time scientific explorations of the eye has already seen an upsurge of the benefits in HCI applications from gaze estimation to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Atul Sahay , Imon Mukherjee , Kavi Arya

Pupil reflex to variations in illumination and associated dynamics are of importance in neurology and ophthalmology. This is typically measured using a near Infrared (IR) pupillometer to avoid Purkinje reflections that appear when strong…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-21 Abhijeet Phatak , Aditya Chandra Mandal , Janarthanam Jothi Balaji , Vasudevan Lakshminarayanan

Various methods have been proposed for authentication, including password or pattern drawing, which is clearly visible on personal electronic devices. However, these methods of authentication are more vulnerable, as passwords and cards can…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-11 Donya Khaledyan , Mohammad Eshghi , Morteza Heidari , Abolfazl Zargari Khuzani , Najmeh Mashhadi

Real-time, accurate, and robust pupil detection is an essential prerequisite for pervasive video-based eye-tracking. However, automated pupil detection in realworld scenarios has proven to be an intricate challenge due to fast illumination…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-11-02 Wolfgang Fuhl , Thiago Santini , Gjergji Kasneci , Wolfgang Rosenstiel , Enkelejda Kasneci

This paper explores how the image quality assessment (IQA) task affects the cognitive processes of people from the perspective of pupil size and studies the relationship between pupil size and image quality. Specifically, we first invited…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-21 Yixuan Gao , Xiongkuo Min , Guangtao Zhai

MoodPupilar introduces a novel method for mood evaluation using pupillary response captured by a smartphone's front-facing camera during daily use. Over a four-week period, data was gathered from 25 participants to develop models capable of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Rahul Islam , Tongze Zhang , Priyanshu Singh Bisen , Sang Won Bae

Webcam eye tracking for the collection of gaze data in the context of user studies is convenient - it can be used in remote tests where participants do not need special hardware. The approach has strong limitations, especially regarding the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-08-01 Sezen Lim , Tina Walber , Christoph Schaefer , Lena Riehl

Vergence is widely used as a proxy for depth perception and spatial attention in immersive and real-world eye-tracking studies. In this paper, we investigate how pupil size artefacts affect vergence estimates during real physical depth…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Virmarie Maquiling , Yasmeen Abdrabou , Enkelejda Kasneci

Holographic displays promise to deliver unprecedented display capabilities in augmented reality applications, featuring a wide field of view, wide color gamut, spatial resolution, and depth cues all in a compact form factor. While emerging…

Fast and robust pupil detection is an essential prerequisite for video-based eye-tracking in real-world settings. Several algorithms for image-based pupil detection have been proposed, their applicability is mostly limited to laboratory…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-11-24 Wolfgang Fuhl , Thiago C. Santini , Thomas Kuebler , Enkelejda Kasneci

As human eyes serve as conduits of rich information, unveiling emotions, intentions, and even aspects of an individual's health and overall well-being, gaze tracking also enables various human-computer interaction applications, as well as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Sikai Yang , Wan Du

Using mathematical modeling and human subjects experiments, this research explores the extent to which emerging webcams might leak recognizable textual and graphical information gleaming from eyeglass reflections captured by webcams. The…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Yan Long , Chen Yan , Shilin Xiao , Shivan Prasad , Wenyuan Xu , Kevin Fu

It is well known that a systematic analysis of the pupil size variations, recorded by means of an eye-tracker, is a rich source of information about a subject's arousal and cognitive state. Current methods for pupil analysis are limited to…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-22 Dario Zanca , Alessandra Rufa

Algorithms for the estimation of gaze direction from mobile and video-based eye trackers typically involve tracking a feature of the eye that moves through the eye camera image in a way that covaries with the shifting gaze direction, such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Kevin Barkevich , Reynold Bailey , Gabriel J. Diaz

Purpose: Metrics derived from eye-gaze-tracking and pupillometry show promise for cognitive load assessment, potentially enhancing training and patient safety through user-specific feedback in tele-robotic surgery. However, current…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Regine Büter , Roger D. Soberanis-Mukul , Paola Ruiz Puentes , Ahmed Ghazi , Jie Ying Wu , Mathias Unberath

Video-based eye trackers estimate gaze based on eye images/videos. As security and privacy concerns loom over technological advancements, tackling such challenges is crucial. We present a new approach to handle privacy issues in eye videos…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Aayush K Chaudhary , Jeff B. Pelz

Gaze behaviors such as eye-contact or shared attention are important markers for diagnosing developmental disorders in children. While previous studies have looked at some of these elements, the analysis is usually performed on private…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Samy Tafasca , Anshul Gupta , Jean-Marc Odobez