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We apply Bayesian inference to determine the posterior likelihood distribution for the parameters describing the initial condition of the small-$x$ Balitsky-Kovchegov evolution equation at leading logarithmic accuracy. The HERA structure…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-03-13 Carlisle Casuga , Mikko Karhunen , Heikki Mäntysaari

We use Bayesian inference to constrain the parameters describing the initial amplitude input to the Balitsky-Kovchegov evolution equation at next-to-leading order accuracy against precise HERA total inclusive cross section and heavy quark…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-11-04 Carlisle Casuga , Henri Hänninen , Heikki Mäntysaari

In the high-energy limit of QCD, scattering off nucleons and nuclei can be described in terms of Wilson-line correlators whose energy dependence is perturbative. The energy dependence of the two-point correlator, called the dipole…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-03-13 Meisen Gao , Zhong-Bo Kang , Jani Penttala , Ding Yu Shao

The Balitsky-Kovchegov (BK) evolution equation is an equation derived from perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics that allows one to evolve with collision energy the scattering amplitude of a pair of quark and antiquark off a hadron target,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-11-05 Florian Cougoulic , Piotr Korcyl , Tomasz Stebel

The forward scattering amplitude of a small dipole at high energies is given in the mean field approximation by the Balitsky-Kovchegov (BK) evolution equation. It requires an initial condition $N(r; x_0)$ describing the scattering of a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-06-27 Adrian Dumitru , Heikki Mäntysaari , Risto Paatelainen

Deep inelastic scattering at small x can be described very effectively using saturation inspired dipole models. We investigate whether such models are compatible with the numerical solutions of the Balitsky-Kovchegov (BK) equation which is…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-06-13 Daniel Boer , Andre Utermann , Erik Wessels

Phenomenological models of the dipole cross section that enters in the description of for instance deep inelastic scattering at very high energies have had considerable success in describing the available small-x data in both the saturation…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 Daniel Boer , Andre Utermann , Erik Wessels

In this work we present dipole scattering amplitudes, including the dependence on the impact-parameter, for a variety of nuclear targets of interest for the electron-ion colliders (EICs) being currently designed. These amplitudes are…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-10-21 J. Cepila , J. G. Contreras , M. Matas

When computed to next-to-leading order in perturbative QCD, the non-linear Balitsky-Kovchegov (BK) equation for the high-energy evolution of the dipole-hadron scattering appears to be unstable. We show that this instability can be avoided…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-02-03 B. Ducloué , E. Iancu , A. H. Mueller , G. Soyez , D. N. Triantafyllopoulos

We consider a nonparametric Bayesian approach to estimate the diffusion coefficient of a stochastic differential equation given discrete time observations over a fixed time interval. As a prior on the diffusion coefficient, we employ a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-07-22 Shota Gugushvili , Frank van der Meulen , Moritz Schauer , Peter Spreij

The high-energy evolution in perturbative QCD suffers from a severe lack-of-convergence problem, due to higher order corrections enhanced by double and single transverse logarithms. We resum double logarithms to all orders within the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-11-23 E. Iancu , J. D. Madrigal , A. H. Mueller , G. Soyez , D. N. Triantafyllopoulos

Nonlinear QCD evolution equations are essential tools in understanding the saturation of partons at small Bjorken $x_{\rm B}$, as they are supposed to restore an upper bound of unitarity for the cross section of high energy scattering. In…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-03-16 Xiaopeng Wang , Yirui Yang , Wei Kou , Rong Wang , Xurong Chen

Within the framework of the dipole factorisation, we use a recent collinearly-improved version of the Balitsky-Kovchegov equation to fit the HERA data for inclusive deep inelastic scattering at small Bjorken $x$. The equation includes an…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-02-19 B. Ducloué , E. Iancu , G. Soyez , D. N. Triantafyllopoulos

Building on the newly available solution of the Balitsky-Kovchegov (BK) equation with the full impact-parameter dependence, we extend the study of parton evolution from proton to nuclear targets. Since a key part of the scientific programme…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-05-11 J. Cepila , M. Matas , M. Vaculciak

In wavelet shrinkage and thresholding, most of the standard techniques do not consider information that wavelet coefficients might be bounded, although information about bounded energy in signals can be readily available. To address this,…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-11-12 Alex Rodrigo dos Santos Sousa , Nancy Lopes Garcia , Branislav Vidakovic

Bayesian parameter estimation provides a systematic approach to compare heavy ion collision models with measurements, leading to constraints on the properties of nuclear matter with proper accounting of experimental and theoretical…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-05-31 Brandon Weiss , Jean-François Paquet , Steffen A. Bass

In this paper, we discuss computational aspects to obtain accurate inferences for the parameters of the generalized gamma (GG) distribution. Usually, the solution of the maximum likelihood estimators (MLE) for the GG distribution have no…

Computation · Statistics 2017-07-26 Jorge Alberto Achcar , Pedro Luiz Ramos , Edson Zangiacomi Martinez

The models used to describe the kinetics of ruminal degradation are usually nonlinear models where the dependent variable is the proportion of degraded food. The method of least squares is the standard approach used to estimate the unknown…

Applications · Statistics 2021-07-21 Diego Salmerón

The main question, that we answer in this paper, is whether the initial condition can influence on the geometric scaling behavior of the amplitude for DIS at high energy. We re-write the non-linear Balitsky-Kovchegov equation in the form…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-05-28 Andrey Kormilitzin , Eugene Levin , Sebastian Tapia

Parameter inference is a fundamental problem in data-driven modeling. Given observed data that is believed to be a realization of some parameterized model, the aim is to find parameter values that are able to explain the observed data. In…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-04-20 Carlo Albert , Simone Ulzega , Ruedi Stoop
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