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200 papers

Emerging 6G visions, reflected in ongoing standardization efforts within 3GPP, IETF, ETSI, ITU-T, and the O-RAN Alliance, increasingly characterize networks as AI-native systems in which high-level semantic reasoning layers operate above…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Mohamed Amine Ferrag , Abderrahmane Lakas , Merouane Debbah

Small language models (SLMs), despite their widespread adoption in modern smart devices, have received significantly less academic attention compared to their large language model (LLM) counterparts, which are predominantly deployed in data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Zhenyan Lu , Xiang Li , Dongqi Cai , Rongjie Yi , Fangming Liu , Xiwen Zhang , Nicholas D. Lane , Mengwei Xu

We present SnakModel, a Danish large language model (LLM) based on Llama2-7B, which we continuously pre-train on 13.6B Danish words, and further tune on 3.7M Danish instructions. As best practices for creating LLMs for smaller language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Mike Zhang , Max Müller-Eberstein , Elisa Bassignana , Rob van der Goot

Although recent advances in scaling large language models (LLMs) have resulted in improvements on many NLP tasks, it remains unclear whether these models trained primarily with general web text are the right tool in highly specialized,…

We introduce GLM-130B, a bilingual (English and Chinese) pre-trained language model with 130 billion parameters. It is an attempt to open-source a 100B-scale model at least as good as GPT-3 (davinci) and unveil how models of such a scale…

Small Language Models (SLMs) enable cost-effective, on-device and latency-sensitive AI applications, yet their deployment in Traditional Chinese (TC) remains hindered by token-level instability - models unpredictably emit non-TC characters…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Yu-Cheng Chih , Ming-Tao Duan , Yong-Hao Hou

Training large language models (LLMs) for different inference constraints is computationally expensive, limiting control over efficiency-accuracy trade-offs. Moreover, once trained, these models typically process tokens uniformly,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Kumari Nishu , Sachin Mehta , Samira Abnar , Mehrdad Farajtabar , Maxwell Horton , Mahyar Najibi , Moin Nabi , Minsik Cho , Devang Naik

Large language models (LLMs) play an increasingly important role in financial markets analysis by capturing signals from complex and heterogeneous textual data sources, such as tweets, news articles, reports, and microblogs. However, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Alvaro Paredes Amorin , Andre Python , Christoph Weisser

In the rapidly evolving domain of artificial intelligence, Large Language Models (LLMs) play a crucial role due to their advanced text processing and generation abilities. This study introduces a new strategy aimed at harnessing on-device…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Wei Chen , Zhiyuan Li , Mingyuan Ma

Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a revolution in AI. However, they also pose many significant risks, such as the presence of biased, private, copyrighted or harmful text. For this reason we need open, transparent and safe solutions.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Arno Candel , Jon McKinney , Philipp Singer , Pascal Pfeiffer , Maximilian Jeblick , Chun Ming Lee , Marcos V. Conde

While large language models have facilitated breakthroughs in many applications of artificial intelligence, their inherent largeness makes them computationally expensive and challenging to deploy in resource-constrained settings. In this…

We introduce SOLAR 10.7B, a large language model (LLM) with 10.7 billion parameters, demonstrating superior performance in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Inspired by recent efforts to efficiently up-scale LLMs, we present…

We present MiMo-7B, a large language model born for reasoning tasks, with optimization across both pre-training and post-training stages. During pre-training, we enhance the data preprocessing pipeline and employ a three-stage data mixing…

Language models have shown effectiveness in a variety of software applications, particularly in tasks related to automatic workflow. These models possess the crucial ability to call functions, which is essential in creating AI agents.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Wei Chen , Zhiyuan Li

We introduce RakutenAI-7B, a suite of Japanese-oriented large language models that achieve the best performance on the Japanese LM Harness benchmarks among the open 7B models. Along with the foundation model, we release instruction- and…

We present LFM2, a family of Liquid Foundation Models designed for efficient on-device deployment and strong task capabilities. Using hardware-in-the-loop architecture search under edge latency and memory constraints, we obtain a compact…

We present TinyLlama, a compact 1.1B language model pretrained on around 1 trillion tokens for approximately 3 epochs. Building on the architecture and tokenizer of Llama 2, TinyLlama leverages various advances contributed by the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Peiyuan Zhang , Guangtao Zeng , Tianduo Wang , Wei Lu

While frontier large language models (LLMs) continue to push capability boundaries, their deployment remains confined to GPU-powered cloud infrastructure. We challenge this paradigm with SmallThinker, a family of LLMs natively designed -…

Pre-training state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) requires vast amounts of clean and diverse text data. While the open development of large high-quality English pre-training datasets has seen substantial recent progress, training…

We introduce LLaMA, a collection of foundation language models ranging from 7B to 65B parameters. We train our models on trillions of tokens, and show that it is possible to train state-of-the-art models using publicly available datasets…