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Deploying large language models (LLMs) is challenging because they are memory inefficient and compute-intensive for practical applications. In reaction, researchers train smaller task-specific models by either finetuning with human labels…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Cheng-Yu Hsieh , Chun-Liang Li , Chih-Kuan Yeh , Hootan Nakhost , Yasuhisa Fujii , Alexander Ratner , Ranjay Krishna , Chen-Yu Lee , Tomas Pfister

In natural language processing (NLP) tasks, slow inference speed and huge footprints in GPU usage remain the bottleneck of applying pre-trained deep models in production. As a popular method for model compression, knowledge distillation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Fei Yuan , Linjun Shou , Jian Pei , Wutao Lin , Ming Gong , Yan Fu , Daxin Jiang

Large language models (LLMs) typically enhance their performance through either the retrieval of semantically similar information or the improvement of their reasoning capabilities. However, a significant challenge remains in effectively…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Shuqi Liu , Bowei He , Chen Ma , Linqi Song

Large language models (LLMs) excel at complex reasoning tasks but remain computationally expensive, limiting their practical deployment. To address this, recent works have focused on distilling reasoning capabilities into smaller language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Minki Kang , Jongwon Jeong , Seanie Lee , Jaewoong Cho , Sung Ju Hwang

R1-style Reinforcement Learning (RL) significantly enhances Large Language Models' reasoning capabilities, yet the mechanism behind rule-based RL remains unclear. We found that small-scale SFT has substantial influence on RL but shows poor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Yutong Chen , Jiandong Gao , Ji Wu

Reinforcement learning (RL) post-training has recently driven major gains in long chain-of-thought reasoning large language models (LLMs), but the high inference cost of such models motivates distillation into smaller students. Most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Zhaoyang Zhang , Shuli Jiang , Yantao Shen , Yuting Zhang , Dhananjay Ram , Shuo Yang , Zhuowen Tu , Wei Xia , Stefano Soatto

Knowledge distillation allows smaller neural networks to emulate the performance of larger, teacher models with reduced computational demands. Traditional methods for Large Language Models (LLMs) often necessitate extensive fine-tuning,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Tyler McDonald , Ali Emami

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced various natural language processing tasks, but deploying them remains computationally expensive. Knowledge distillation (KD) is a promising solution, enabling the transfer of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Yuhang Zhou , Jing Zhu , Paiheng Xu , Xiaoyu Liu , Xiyao Wang , Danai Koutra , Wei Ai , Furong Huang

Due to long generations, large language model (LLM) math reasoning demands significant computational resources and time. While many existing efficient inference methods have been developed with excellent performance preservation on language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Harry Dong , Bilge Acun , Beidi Chen , Yuejie Chi

Over recent years, an increasing amount of compute and data has been poured into training large language models (LLMs), usually by doing one-pass learning on as many tokens as possible randomly selected from large-scale web corpora. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Kushal Tirumala , Daniel Simig , Armen Aghajanyan , Ari S. Morcos

While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance in recent natural language processing (NLP) tasks, their deployment poses substantial challenges due to high computational and memory demands in real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Chenglin Li , Qianglong Chen , Liangyue Li , Caiyu Wang , Yicheng Li , Zulong Chen , Yin Zhang

Machine learning (ML) holds great promise for clinical applications but is often hindered by limited access to high-quality data due to privacy concerns, high costs, and long timelines associated with clinical trials. While large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Zerui Xu , Fang Wu , Yingzhou Lu , Yuanyuan Zhang , Yue Zhao

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) have dominated language modeling because of their superior performance over traditional N-gram based models. In many applications, a large Recurrent Neural Network language model (RNNLM) or an ensemble of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-09 Yangyang Shi , Mei-Yuh Hwang , Xin Lei , Haoyu Sheng

We propose a new semi-supervised learning method on face-related tasks based on Multi-Task Learning (MTL) and data distillation. The proposed method exploits multiple datasets with different labels for different-but-related tasks such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-10 Sepidehsadat Hosseini , Mohammad Amin Shabani , Nam Ik Cho

This paper explores the use of knowledge distillation to improve a Multi-Task Deep Neural Network (MT-DNN) (Liu et al., 2019) for learning text representations across multiple natural language understanding tasks. Although ensemble learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-23 Xiaodong Liu , Pengcheng He , Weizhu Chen , Jianfeng Gao

Despite the advanced intelligence abilities of large language models (LLMs) in various applications, they still face significant computational and storage demands. Knowledge Distillation (KD) has emerged as an effective strategy to improve…

We address the challenge of getting efficient yet accurate recognition systems with limited labels. While recognition models improve with model size and amount of data, many specialized applications of computer vision have severe resource…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Kenneth Borup , Cheng Perng Phoo , Bharath Hariharan

Knowledge distillation is an effective approach to transferring knowledge from a teacher neural network to a student target network for satisfying the low-memory and fast running requirements in practice use. Whilst being able to create…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Xu Lan , Xiatian Zhu , Shaogang Gong

Dataset distillation aims to compress a training dataset by creating a small number of informative synthetic samples such that neural networks trained on them perform as well as those trained on the original training dataset. Current text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Aru Maekawa , Satoshi Kosugi , Kotaro Funakoshi , Manabu Okumura

Transferring the reasoning capability from stronger large language models (LLMs) to smaller ones has been quite appealing, as smaller LLMs are more flexible to deploy with less expense. Among the existing solutions, knowledge distillation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Yijun Tian , Yikun Han , Xiusi Chen , Wei Wang , Nitesh V. Chawla