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The weight space of an artificial neural network can be systematically explored using tools from statistical mechanics. We employ a combination of a hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm which performs long exploration steps, a ratchet-based…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-07-25 Alessandro Zambon , Enrico M. Malatesta , Guido Tiana , Riccardo Zecchina

Neural Networks are function approximators that have achieved state-of-the-art accuracy in numerous machine learning tasks. In spite of their great success in terms of accuracy, their large training time makes it difficult to use them for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-04-18 Abhishek Sinha , Mausoom Sarkar , Aahitagni Mukherjee , Balaji Krishnamurthy

Learning informative representations of data is one of the primary goals of deep learning, but there is still little understanding as to what representations a neural network actually learns. To better understand this, subspace match was…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-07 Jeremiah Johnson

As deep neural networks grow in size, from thousands to millions to billions of weights, the performance of those networks becomes limited by our ability to accurately train them. A common naive question arises: if we have a system with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-29 Nathan O. Hodas , Panos Stinis

We develop information geometric techniques to understand the representations learned by deep networks when they are trained on different tasks using supervised, meta-, semi-supervised and contrastive learning. We shed light on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Rahul Ramesh , Jialin Mao , Itay Griniasty , Rubing Yang , Han Kheng Teoh , Mark Transtrum , James P. Sethna , Pratik Chaudhari

We introduce an algorithm where the individual bits representing the weights of a neural network are learned. This method allows training weights with integer values on arbitrary bit-depths and naturally uncovers sparse networks, without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Cristian Ivan

The history of deep learning has shown that human-designed problem-specific networks can greatly improve the classification performance of general neural models. In most practical cases, however, choosing the optimal architecture for a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-14 Nicolo Colombo , Yang Gao

Large-scale deep neural networks consume expensive training costs, but the training results in less-interpretable weight matrices constructing the networks. Here, we propose a mode decomposition learning that can interpret the weight…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Chan Li , Haiping Huang

Transformer-based NLP models are trained using hundreds of millions or even billions of parameters, limiting their applicability in computationally constrained environments. While the number of parameters generally correlates with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Hassan Sajjad , Fahim Dalvi , Nadir Durrani , Preslav Nakov

It is commonly believed that the hidden layers of deep neural networks (DNNs) attempt to extract informative features for learning tasks. In this paper, we formalize this intuition by showing that the features extracted by DNN coincide with…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-05-17 Shao-Lun Huang , Xiangxiang Xu , Lizhong Zheng , Gregory W. Wornell

Large-scale deep neural networks (DNN) have been successfully used in a number of tasks from image recognition to natural language processing. They are trained using large training sets on large models, making them computationally and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-28 Sek Chai , Aswin Raghavan , David Zhang , Mohamed Amer , Tim Shields

Deep learning models are trained and deployed in multiple domains. Increasing usage of deep learning models alarms the usage of memory consumed while computation by deep learning models. Existing approaches for reducing memory consumption…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Mahendran N

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved remarkable success across diverse tasks on graph-structured data, primarily through the use of learned weights in message passing layers. In this paper, we demonstrate that random weights can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Thu Bui , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb , Bruno Ribeiro , Beatrice Bevilacqua , Moshe Eliasof

How is knowledge stored in an LLM's weights? We study this via layer pruning: if removing a certain layer does not affect model performance in common question-answering benchmarks, then the weights in that layer are not necessary for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Andrey Gromov , Kushal Tirumala , Hassan Shapourian , Paolo Glorioso , Daniel A. Roberts

Exploiting the great expressive power of Deep Neural Network architectures, relies on the ability to train them. While current theoretical work provides, mostly, results showing the hardness of this task, empirical evidence usually differs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-05 Shai Shalev-Shwartz , Ohad Shamir , Shaked Shammah

An increasingly popular machine learning paradigm is to pretrain a neural network (NN) on many tasks offline, then adapt it to downstream tasks, often by re-training only the last linear layer of the network. This approach yields strong…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Liam Collins , Hamed Hassani , Mahdi Soltanolkotabi , Aryan Mokhtari , Sanjay Shakkottai

The high computational complexity and increasing parameter counts of deep neural networks pose significant challenges for deployment in resource-constrained environments, such as edge devices or real-time systems. To address this, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Laura Erb , Tommaso Boccato , Alexandru Vasilache , Juergen Becker , Nicola Toschi

Re-using trained neural network models is a common strategy to reduce training cost and transfer knowledge. Weight space learning - using the weights of trained models as data modality - is a promising new field to re-use populations of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Damian Falk , Konstantin Schürholt , Damian Borth

This paper proposes an architecture for deep neural networks with hidden layer branches that learn targets of lower hierarchy than final layer targets. The branches provide a channel for enforcing useful information in hidden layer which…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-09-27 Abhinav Tushar

We propose layer saturation - a simple, online-computable method for analyzing the information processing in neural networks. First, we show that a layer's output can be restricted to the eigenspace of its variance matrix without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Mats L. Richter , Justin Shenk , Wolf Byttner , Anders Arpteg , Mikael Huss