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The rapid integration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) into power systems has identified frequency security challenges due to reduced inertia and increased load volatility. This paper proposes a robust power reserve decision-making…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-16 Xiang Zhu , Hua Geng , Hongyang Qing , Guangchun , Ruan , Xiuqiang He

The growing integration of distributed energy resources into distribution systems poses challenges for voltage regulation. Dynamic VAR Compensators (DVCs) are a new generation of power electronics-based Volt/VAR compensation devices…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-13 Han Pyo Lee , Keith DSouza , Ke Chen , Ning Lu , Mesut Baran

The low-voltage ride-through service is carried out in this paper according to the voltage profile described by the IEC 61400-21 European normative when short-duration voltage sags happen, and some instantaneous reactive power is delivered…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-15 Alexis B. Rey-Boué , N. F. Guerrero-Rodríguez , Johannes Stöckl , Thomas I. Strasser

This article explores a flexible and coordinated control design for an aggregation of heterogeneous distributed energy resources (DERs) in a dynamic virtual power plant (DVPP). The control design aims to provide a desired aggregate…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-22 Xiuqiang He , Josué Duarte , Verena Häberle , Florian Dörfler

This paper proposes a decentralized and coordinated voltage and frequency (Vf) control framework for islanded microgrids, with full consideration of the limited capacity of distributed energy resources (DERs) and Vf dependent load. First,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-11 Buxin She , Fangxing Li , Hantao Cui , Jinning Wang , Liang Min , Oroghene Oboreh Snapps , Rui Bo

This paper presents a novel grid-forming voltage control strategy for a battery energy storage system to maintain balanced three-phase output voltages when serving unbalanced loads. A stationary reference frame ($\alpha \beta$) based…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-23 Bei Xu , Victor Paduani , Hui Yu , David Lubkeman , Ning Lu

This paper presents a method for controlling the voltage of inverter-based Microgrids by proposing a new scale-free distributed cooperative controller. The communication network is modeled by a general time-varying graph which enhances the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-24 Donya Nojavanzadeh , Saeed Lotfifard , Zhenwei Liu , Ali Saberi , Anton A. Stoorvogel

This paper presents a novel hierarchical framework for real-time, network-admissible coordination of responsive grid resources aggregated into virtual batteries (VBs). In this context, a VB represents a local aggregation of directly…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-08 Sarnaduti Brahma , Nawaf Nazir , Hamid Ossareh , Mads Almassalkhi

With the increasing interest in converter-fed islanded microgrids, particularly for resilience, it is becoming more critical to understand the dynamical behavior of these systems. This paper takes a holistic view of grid-forming converters…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-05 Ciaran Roberts , Jose Daniel Lara , Rodrigo Henriquez-Auba , Bala Kameshwar Poolla , Duncan S. Callaway

A unified virtual oscillator controller (uVOC) is proposed, which enables a unified analysis, design, and implementation framework for both grid-forming (GFM) and grid-following (GFL) voltage source converters (VSCs). Oscillator based GFM…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-14 M A Awal , Iqbal Husain

Voltage regulation is critical for power grids. However, it has become a much more challenging problem as distributed energy resources (DERs) such as photovoltaic and wind generators are increasingly deployed, causing rapid voltage…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-08-09 Xinyang Zhou , Masoud Farivar , Lijun Chen

The growing integration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) into modern power systems poses significant challenges for maintaining reliable operation under dynamic and constrained conditions. This paper focuses on the power tracking problem…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-17 Zixiao Ma , Baosen Zhang

This work presents a framework for dynamic performance assessment of the higher layers in the hierarchical voltage regulation scheme, with case studies applied to specific areas of the Norwegian grid. Unlike the primary (PVR) level, the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-17 Hugo Rodrigues de Brito , Daniel Simon Baltensperger , Kjetil Obstfelder Uhlen

Appropriate control of high penetration renewable energies in power systems requires a complete modeling of the system. In this paper, a comprehensive state space modeling of voltage source inverters, networks and loads are studied. We have…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-08-25 Ali Dehghan Banadaki , Farideh Doost Mohammadi , Ali Feliachi

This paper proposes a unified methodology for voltage regulation, frequency synchronization, and rotor angle control in power transmission systems considering a one-axis generator model with time-varying voltages. First, we formulate an…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-05 Yijun Chen , Kanghong Shi , Ian R. Petersen , Elizabeth L. Ratnam

Volt-VAR and Volt-Watt functionality in photovoltaic (PV) smart inverters provide mechanisms to ensure system voltage magnitudes and power factors remain within acceptable limits. However, these control functions can become unstable,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-02 Daniel Arnold , Shammya Saha , Sy-Toan Ngo , Ciaran Roberts , Anna Scaglione , Nathan Johnson , Sean Peisert , David Pinney

With the fast-increasing penetration of inverter-based resources (IBRs), the voltage support capability of the grid following (GFL) IBRs under low voltage ride through (LVRT) control significantly influences the transient voltage stability…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-03 Fangyuan Sun , Ruisheng Diao , Ruiyuan Zeng , Jing Zhang , Jianguo Qian

This paper shows that a relation can be found between the voltage at the terminals of an inverter-interfaced Renewable Energy Source RES and its optimal reactive power support. This relationship, known as Volt-Var Curve VVC, enables the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-11-27 Alireza Nouri , Alireza Soroudi , Andrew Keane

This work addresses virtual resistance (VR)based control for grid-connected inverters, which enhances transient damping, reduces steady-state errors, and improves robustness to grid disturbances without requiring additional voltage sensors.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-23 Chakib Chatri , Ajul Dinesh , Moussa Labbadi

Active power oscillations frequently arise in inverter-dominated power systems with multiple converters operating under Virtual Synchronous Generator control, posing risks to system stability and protection coordination. While various…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-29 Junjie Xiao , Lu Wang , Xiong Du , Pedro Rodriguez , Zian Qin
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