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Neural networks are widely deployed models across many scientific disciplines and commercial endeavors ranging from edge computing and sensing to large-scale signal processing in data centers. The most efficient and well-entrenched method…

Inverse design, the process of matching a device or process parameters to exhibit a desired performance, is applied in many disciplines ranging from material design over chemical processes and to engineering. Machine learning has emerged as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Michel Frising , Jorge Bravo-Abad , Ferry Prins

Nonreciprocal structures play an important role in optical physics and applications. Conventional approaches for designing nonreciprocal optical structures rely heavily on extensive numerical simulation and parameter tuning, leading to high…

Optics · Physics 2026-03-12 Weiran Zhang , Hao Pan , Shubo Wang

The advent of two-dimensional metamaterials in recent years has ushered in a revolutionary means to manipulate the behavior of light on the nanoscale. The effective parameters of these architected materials render unprecedented control over…

Optics · Physics 2018-11-14 Zhaocheng Liu , Dayu Zhu , Sean P. Rodrigues , Kyu-Tae Lee , Wenshan Cai

We propose an efficient inverse design approach for multifunctional optical elements based on adaptive deep diffractive neural networks (a-D$^2$NNs). Specifically, we introduce a-D$^2$NNs and design two-layer diffractive devices that can…

Optics · Physics 2022-06-08 Yuyao Chen , Yilin Zhu , Wesley A. Britton , Luca Dal Negro

Data-driven design approaches based on deep-learning have been introduced in nanophotonics to reduce time-consuming iterative simulations which have been a major challenge. Here, we report the first use of conditional deep convolutional…

Optics · Physics 2019-03-21 Sunae So , Junsuk Rho

From higher computational efficiency to enabling the discovery of novel and complex structures, deep learning has emerged as a powerful framework for the design and optimization of nanophotonic circuits and components. However, both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Christopher Yeung , Benjamin Pham , Zihan Zhang , Katherine T. Fountaine , Aaswath P. Raman

Beyond the scope of conventional metasurface which necessitates plenty of computational resources and time, an inverse design approach using machine learning algorithms promises an effective way for metasurfaces design. In this paper,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-27 Fardin Ghorbani , Sina Beyraghi , Javad Shabanpour , Homayoon Oraizi , Hossein Soleimani , Mohammad Soleimani

Deep learning, as a highly efficient method for metasurface inverse design, commonly use simulation data to train deep neural networks (DNNs) that can map desired functionalities to proper metasurface designs. However, the assumptions and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-07 Jingxin Zhang , Jiawei Xi , Peixing Li , Ray C. C. Cheung , Alex M. H. Wong , Jensen Li

Data-driven methods have increasingly been applied to the development of optical systems as inexpensive and effective inverse design approaches. Optical properties (e.g., band-gap properties) of photonic crystals (PCs) are closely…

Optics · Physics 2022-02-01 Tao Zhan , Quan-Shan Liu , Lu Qiu , Yuan-Jie Sun , Tao Wen , Rui Zhang

We examine the optical properties of a system of nano and micro particles of varying size, shape, and material (including metals and dielectrics, and sub-wavelength and super-wavelength regimes). Training data is generated by numerically…

As an increasingly powerful technique in integrated photonics, inverse design uses optimization algorithms to automatically create compact, high-performance photonic structures, often yielding non-intuitive layouts far more compact than…

Optics · Physics 2026-03-03 Junho Park , Taehan Kim , Mohammad Ali , Di Liang

Time-varying nanostructures allow us to control the spatial and temporal properties of light. The temporal modulation of the nanostructures constitutes an additional degree of freedom to control their scattering properties on demand and in…

Clusters of wave-scattering oscillators offer the ability to passively control wave energy in elastic continua. However, designing such clusters to achieve a desired wave energy pattern is a highly nontrivial task. While the forward…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-29 Joshua R. Tempelman , Tobias Weidemann , Eric B. Flynn , Kathryn H. Matlack , Alexander F. Vakakis

We present deep learning methods for the design of arrays and single instances of small antennas. Each design instance is conditioned on a target radiation pattern and is required to conform to specific spatial dimensions and to include, as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Shahar Lutati , Lior Wolf

Inverse design techniques in the context of nanophotonics have helped in discovery of compact and counter-intuitive structures/shapes. We introduce the concept of spectral domain inverse design to search through the optical trade-space…

Optics · Physics 2021-04-12 Ashwin K. Boddeti , Abubakr Alabassi , Vaneet Aggarwal , Zubin Jacob

Mechanical and phononic metamaterials exhibiting negative elastic moduli, gapped vibrational spectra, or topologically protected modes enable precise control of structural and acoustic functionalities. While much progress has been made in…

Materials Science · Physics 2019-09-25 Henrik Ronellenfitsch , Norbert Stoop , Josephine Yu , Aden Forrow , Jörn Dunkel

Inverse-designed nanophotonic media are a promising platform for compact optical neural networks, but training them end to end is expensive because each adjoint iteration couples the full-wave solver to the dataset minibatch, so the number…

Optics · Physics 2026-04-24 Azka Maula Iskandar Muda , Uğur Teğin

Nanophotonics has emerged as a powerful tool for manipulating light on chips. Almost all of today's devices, however, have been designed using slow and ineffective brute-force search methods, leading in many cases to limited device…

Inverse design in nanophotonics, the computational discovery of structures achieving targeted electromagnetic (EM) responses, has become a key tool for recent optical advances. Traditional intuition-driven or iterative optimization methods…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-10-15 Reza Marzban , Ali Adibi , Raphael Pestourie