Related papers: Fluctuations and Correlations in Causal Set Theory
The notion of causal effect is fundamental across many scientific disciplines. Traditionally, quantitative researchers have studied causal effects at the level of variables; for example, how a certain drug dose (W) causally affects a…
A Gaussian fluctuation formula is proved for linear statistics of complex random matrices in the case that the statistic is rotationally invariant. For a general linear statistic without this symmetry, Coulomb gas theory is used to predict…
We present a brief introduction to the statistical properties of systems with large fluctuations. We point out that for such systems the relevant statistical quantities are scaling exponents and the nature of fluctuations is completely…
Causality is a subject of philosophical debate and a central scientific issue with a long history. In the statistical domain, the study of cause and effect based on the notion of `fairness' in comparisons dates back several hundred years,…
Dynamical symmetry breaking in an expanding nuclear system is investigated in semi-classical and quantum framework by employing a collective transport model which is constructed to mimic the collective behavior of expanding systems. It is…
We review generalized Fluctuation-Dissipation Relations which are valid under general conditions even in ``non-standard systems'', e.g. out of equilibrium and/or without a Hamiltonian structure. The response functions can be expressed in…
The higher order moments of the fluctuations for the thermodynamical systems in the presence of fields are investigated in the framework of a theoretical method. The metod uses a generalized statistical ensemble consonant with the adequate…
We propose a framework for determining whether the causal dependence of an outcome $Y$ on a covariate $X$ changes at a given time point, given confounders $\boldsymbol{Z}$. For instance, in financial markets, the effect of a market…
In the context of an exactly soluble out of equilibrium (quenched) model, we study an extension of the fluctuation-dissipation relation. This involves a modified differential form of this relation, with an effective temperature which may…
Relaxation in the time correlation between operators is studied. Quantized chaotic systems are shown to have distinct relaxation fluctuations that are universal and can be usefully modelled by Random Matrix Theory. Various quantized maps…
A derivation of the Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem for the microcanonical ensemble is presented using linear response theory. The theorem is stated as a relation between the frequency spectra of the symmetric correlation and response…
Understanding causal mechanisms across different populations is essential for designing effective public health interventions. Recently, difference graphs have been introduced as a tool to visually represent causal variations between two…
Fluctuations play a central role in many fields of physics, from quantum electrodynamics to statistical mechanics. In active matter physics, most models focus on thermal fluctuations due to a surrounding solvent. An alternative but much…
Causal inference studies whether the presence of a variable influences an observed outcome. As measured by quantities such as the "average treatment effect," this paradigm is employed across numerous biological fields, from vaccine and drug…
After sketching a context in which to seek observable signals of spatio-temporal discreteness, I briefly review the status of the causal set program for quantum gravity, concluding with a simple model for the field produced by a moving…
The causal set approach to quantum gravity is based on the hypothesis that the underlying structure of spacetime is that of a random partial order. We survey some of the interesting mathematics that has arisen in connection with the causal…
Causal set theory offers a simple and elegant picture of discrete physics. But the vast majority of causal sets look nothing at all like continuum spacetimes, and must be excluded in some way to obtain a realistic theory. I describe recent…
We developed a microscopic approach to calculate the sample-to-sample fluctuations of transmission distribution in disordered conductors. This bridges between Green's function and random matrix theories of quantum transport. The results…
Multiplicity fluctuations and correlations are calculated within thermalized relativistic ideal quantum gases. These are shown to be sensitive to the choice of statistical ensemble as well as to the choice of acceptance window in momentum…
The possibility of non-causal signal propagation is examined for various theories of dense matter. This investigation requires a discussion of definitions of causality, together with interpretations of spacetime position. Specific examples…