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Young people's mental well-being is a global concern, with peer support playing a key role in daily emotional regulation. Conversational agents are increasingly viewed as promising tools for delivering accessible, personalised peer support,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Ruoyu Wen , Xiaoli Wu , Kunal Gupta , Simon Hoermann , Mark Billinghurst , Alaeddin Nassani , Dwain Allan , Thammathip Piumsomboon

LLM-based client simulation has emerged as a promising tool for training novice counselors and evaluating automated counseling systems. However, existing client simulation approaches face three key challenges: (1) limited diversity and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Huachuan Qiu , Zhaoming Chen , Yuqian Chen , Yuan Xie , Yu Lu , Zhenzhong Lan

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has significantly advanced various fields, including natural language processing and automated dialogue systems. This paper explores the application of LLMs in psychological counseling, addressing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Wenjie Li , Tianyu Sun , Kun Qian , Wenhong Wang

Generating psychological counseling responses with language models relies heavily on high-quality datasets. Crowdsourced data collection methods require strict worker training, and data from real-world counseling environments may raise…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Zhiyang Qi , Takumasa Kaneko , Keiko Takamizo , Mariko Ukiyo , Michimasa Inaba

Student mental health is a sensitive issue that necessitates special attention. A primary concern is the student-to-counselor ratio, which surpasses the recommended standard of 250:1 in most universities. This imbalance results in extended…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Po-Chuan Chen , Mahdin Rohmatillah , You-Teng Lin , Jen-Tzung Chien

Current AI counseling systems struggle with maintaining effective long-term client engagement. Through formative research with counselors and a systematic literature review, we identified five key design considerations for AI counseling…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Yuanrong Tang , Yu Kang , Yifan Wang , Tianhong Wang , Chen Zhong , Jiangtao Gong

The demand for conversational agents that provide mental health care is consistently increasing. In this work, we develop a psychological counseling agent, referred to as CoCoA, that applies Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) techniques to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Suyeon Lee , Jieun Kang , Harim Kim , Kyoung-Mee Chung , Dongha Lee , Jinyoung Yeo

It may be difficult for some individuals to open up and share their thoughts and feelings in front of a mental health expert. For those who are more at ease with a virtual agent, conversational agents can serve as an intermediate step in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Harsh Sakhrani , Saloni Parekh , Shubham Mahajan

The development of AI for mental health is hindered by a lack of authentic therapy dialogues, due to strict privacy regulations and the fact that clinical sessions were historically rarely recorded. We present an LLM-driven pipeline that…

Dialogue systems controlled by predefined or rule-based scenarios derived from counseling techniques, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), play an important role in mental health apps. Despite the need for responsible responses, it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Kenta Izumi , Hiroki Tanaka , Kazuhiro Shidara , Hiroyoshi Adachi , Daisuke Kanayama , Takashi Kudo , Satoshi Nakamura

The integration of emotional support into various conversational scenarios presents profound societal benefits, such as social interactions, mental health counseling, and customer service. However, there are unsolved challenges that hinder…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Zhonghua Zheng , Lizi Liao , Yang Deng , Liqiang Nie

Rising demand for mental health support has increased interest in using Large Language Models (LLMs) for counseling. However, adapting LLMs to this high-risk safety-critical domain is hindered by the scarcity of real-world counseling data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Aishik Mandal , Hiba Arnaout , Clarissa W. Ong , Juliet Bockhorst , Kate Sheehan , Rachael Moldow , Tanmoy Chakraborty , Iryna Gurevych

The growing demand for scalable psychological counseling highlights the need for high-quality, privacy-compliant data, yet such data remains scarce. Here we introduce MAGneT, a novel multi-agent framework for synthetic psychological…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Aishik Mandal , Tanmoy Chakraborty , Iryna Gurevych

Psychological consultation is essential for improving mental health and well-being, yet challenges such as the shortage of qualified professionals and scalability issues limit its accessibility. To address these challenges, we explore the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Rafael Souza , Jia-Hao Lim , Alexander Davis

Due to privacy concerns, open dialogue datasets for mental health are primarily generated through human or AI synthesis methods. However, the inherent implicit nature of psychological processes, particularly those of clients, poses…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Lixiu Wu , Yuanrong Tang , Qisen Pan , Xianyang Zhan , Yucheng Han , Lanxi Xiao , Tianhong Wang , Chen Zhong , Jiangtao Gong

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) aims to identify and restructure automatic negative thoughts pertaining to involuntary interpretations of events, yet existing counseling agents struggle to identify and address them in dialogue settings.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Jihyun Lee , Yejin Min , Yejin Jeon , SungJun Yang , Hyounghun Kim , Gary Geunbae Lee

Simulating human clients in mental health counseling is crucial for training and evaluating counselors (both human or simulated) in a scalable manner. Nevertheless, past research on client simulation did not focus on complex conversation…

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a proven approach for addressing the irrational thought patterns associated with mental health disorders, but its effectiveness relies on accurately identifying cognitive pathways to provide targeted…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Bosubabu Sambana , Kondreddygari Archana , Suram Indhra Sena Reddy , Shaik Meethaigar Jameer Basha , Shaik Karishma

Understanding the dynamics of counseling conversations is an important task, yet it is a challenging NLP problem regardless of the recent advance of Transformer-based pre-trained language models. This paper proposes a systematic approach to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Younghun Lee , Dan Goldwasser , Laura Schwab Reese

Therapeutic dialogue is not a sequence of isolated responses: client goals, motivation, resistance, and therapeutic alliance evolve over time. Yet current LLM-based mental health dialogue systems often lack explicit mechanisms for tracking…