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This survey offers a comprehensive overview of Large Language Models (LLMs) designed for Arabic language and its dialects. It covers key architectures, including encoder-only, decoder-only, and encoder-decoder models, along with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Malak Mashaabi , Shahad Al-Khalifa , Hend Al-Khalifa

Automatic Arabic diacritization is useful in many applications, ranging from reading support for language learners to accurate pronunciation predictor for downstream tasks like speech synthesis. While most of the previous works focused on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Parnia Bahar , Mattia Di Gangi , Nick Rossenbach , Mohammad Zeineldeen

Handwritten character recognition has been the center of research and a benchmark problem in the sector of pattern recognition and artificial intelligence, and it continues to be a challenging research topic. Due to its enormous application…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-09 Akm Ashiquzzaman , Abdul Kawsar Tushar , Md Ashiqur Rahman

We present DialectalArabicMMLU, a new benchmark for evaluating the performance of large language models (LLMs) across Arabic dialects. While recently developed Arabic and multilingual benchmarks have advanced LLM evaluation for Modern…

Arabic has diverse dialects, where one dialect can be substantially different from the others. In the NLP literature, some assumptions about these dialects are widely adopted (e.g., ``Arabic dialects can be grouped into distinguishable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Amr Keleg , Sharon Goldwater , Walid Magdy

Arabic is a complex language with many varieties and dialects spoken by over 450 millions all around the world. Due to the linguistic diversity and variations, it is challenging to build a robust and generalized ASR system for Arabic. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Abdul Waheed , Bashar Talafha , Peter Sullivan , AbdelRahim Elmadany , Muhammad Abdul-Mageed

Discriminating between closely-related language varieties is considered a challenging and important task. This paper describes our submission to the DSL 2016 shared-task, which included two sub-tasks: one on discriminating similar languages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-09-27 Yonatan Belinkov , James Glass

Social media platforms have become central to global communication, yet they also facilitate the spread of hate speech. For underrepresented dialects like Levantine Arabic, detecting hate speech presents unique cultural, ethical, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Ahmed Haj Ahmed , Rui-Jie Yew , Xerxes Minocher , Suresh Venkatasubramanian

Arabic text recognition is a challenging task because of the cursive nature of Arabic writing system, its joint writing scheme, the large number of ligatures and many other challenges. Deep Learning DL models achieved significant progress…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-07 Mohammad Fasha , Bassam Hammo , Nadim Obeid , Jabir Widian

Over the past three years, the rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has had a profound impact on multiple areas of Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly in Natural Language Processing (NLP) across diverse languages,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Haneh Rhel , Dmitri Roussinov

While resources for English language are fairly sufficient to understand content on social media, similar resources in Arabic are still immature. The main reason that the resources in Arabic are insufficient is that Arabic has many dialects…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Fatimah Alzamzami , Abdulmotaleb El Saddik

In this paper, we present the annotation pipeline and the guidelines we wrote as part of an effort to create a large manually annotated Arabic author profiling dataset from various social media sources covering 16 Arabic countries and 11…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-24 Wajdi Zaghouani , Anis Charfi

This paper addresses the classification of Arabic text data in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP), with a particular focus on Natural Language Inference (NLI) and Contradiction Detection (CD). Arabic is considered a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Mohammad Majd Saad Al Deen , Maren Pielka , Jörn Hees , Bouthaina Soulef Abdou , Rafet Sifa

With the advent of globalization, there is an increasing demand for multilingual automatic speech recognition (ASR), handling language and dialectal variation of spoken content. Recent studies show its efficacy over monolingual systems. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Shammur Absar Chowdhury , Amir Hussein , Ahmed Abdelali , Ahmed Ali

Social media offer an abundant source of valuable raw data, however informal writing can quickly become a bottleneck for many natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Off-the-shelf tools are usually trained on formal text and cannot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-15 Ismini Lourentzou , Kabir Manghnani , ChengXiang Zhai

Optical character recognition (OCR) is a vital process that involves the extraction of handwritten or printed text from scanned or printed images, converting it into a format that can be understood and processed by machines. This enables…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Mahmoud SalahEldin Kasem , Mohamed Mahmoud , Hyun-Soo Kang

Handwriting recognition refers to the identification of written characters. Handwriting recognition has become an acute research area in recent years for the ease of access of computer science. In this paper primarily discussed On-line and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2013-03-21 Dr. Firoj Parwej

Arabic, with its rich diversity of dialects, remains significantly underrepresented in Large Language Models, particularly in dialectal variations. We address this gap by introducing seven synthetic datasets in dialects alongside Modern…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Basel Mousi , Nadir Durrani , Fatema Ahmad , Md. Arid Hasan , Maram Hasanain , Tameem Kabbani , Fahim Dalvi , Shammur Absar Chowdhury , Firoj Alam

Handwriting Recognition has been a field of great interest in the Artificial Intelligence domain. Due to its broad use cases in real life, research has been conducted widely on it. Prominent work has been done in this field focusing mainly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Minhaz Kamal , Fairuz Shaiara , Chowdhury Mohammad Abdullah , Sabbir Ahmed , Tasnim Ahmed , Md. Hasanul Kabir

On annotating multi-dialect Arabic datasets, it is common to randomly assign the samples across a pool of native Arabic speakers. Recent analyses recommended routing dialectal samples to native speakers of their respective dialects to build…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Amr Keleg , Walid Magdy , Sharon Goldwater