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There is a constant need for educators to develop and maintain effective up-to-date assessments. While there is a growing body of research in computing education on utilizing large language models (LLMs) in generation and engagement with…

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology enables a range of enhancements in computer-aided instruction, from accelerating the creation of teaching materials to customizing learning paths based on learner outcomes. However, ensuring the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Christina Perdikoulias , Chad Vance , Stephen M. Watt

We introduce a high-quality dataset that contains 3,397 samples comprising (i) multiple choice questions, (ii) answers (including distractors), and (iii) their source documents, from the educational domain. Each question is phrased in two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Amir Hadifar , Semere Kiros Bitew , Johannes Deleu , Chris Develder , Thomas Demeester

Despite the fact that large language models (LLMs) show exceptional skill in instruction following tasks, this strength can turn into a vulnerability when the models are required to disregard certain instructions. Instruction-following…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Yerin Hwang , Yongil Kim , Jahyun Koo , Taegwan Kang , Hyunkyung Bae , Kyomin Jung

Deep-learning models for language generation tasks tend to produce repetitive output. Various methods have been proposed to encourage lexical diversity during decoding, but this often comes at a cost to the perceived fluency and adequacy of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-22 Giulio Zhou , Gerasimos Lampouras

Generating diverse sequences is important in many NLP applications such as question generation or summarization that exhibit semantically one-to-many relationships between source and the target sequences. We present a method to explicitly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-05 Jaemin Cho , Minjoon Seo , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

Generating multiple-choice questions (MCQs) with difficulty estimation remains challenging in automated MCQ-generation systems used in adaptive, AI-assisted education. This study proposes a novel methodology for generating MCQs with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Mehmet Can Şakiroğlu , H. Altay Güvenir , Kamer Kaya

Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) play a crucial role in fostering deep thinking and knowledge integration in education. However, previous research has primarily focused on generating MCQs with textual options, but it largely overlooks the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Wanqiang Wang , Longzhu He , Wei Zheng

Solving math word problem (MWP) with AI techniques has recently made great progress with the success of deep neural networks (DNN), but it is far from being solved. We argue that the ability of learning by analogy is essential for an MWP…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Zihao Zhou , Maizhen Ning , Qiufeng Wang , Jie Yao , Wei Wang , Xiaowei Huang , Kaizhu Huang

Controlled generation refers to the problem of creating text that contains stylistic or semantic attributes of interest. Many approaches reduce this problem to training a predictor of the desired attribute. For example, researchers hoping…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Carolina Zheng , Claudia Shi , Keyon Vafa , Amir Feder , David M. Blei

Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) in educational settings has brought new learning approaches, transforming the practices of both students and educators. Among the various technologies driving this transformation, Large Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Giorgio Biancini , Alessio Ferrato , Carla Limongelli

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as customer-facing agents, yet evaluating their reliability remains challenging due to stochastic, multi-turn interactions. Current evaluation protocols rely on linear Monte Carlo…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Itay Nakash , George Kour , Ateret Anaby-Tavor

Large Language Models (LLMs) show remarkable proficiency in natural language tasks, yet their frequent overconfidence-misalignment between predicted confidence and true correctness-poses significant risks in critical decision-making…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Prateek Chhikara

Large language models (LLMs) can be used to generate text data for training and evaluating other models. However, creating high-quality datasets with LLMs can be challenging. In this work, we explore human-AI partnerships to facilitate high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-11 John Joon Young Chung , Ece Kamar , Saleema Amershi

Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have exhibited remarkable performance in generating human-like texts. However, machine-generated texts (MGTs) may carry critical risks, such as plagiarism issues, misleading information, or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Shuhai Zhang , Yiliao Song , Jiahao Yang , Yuanqing Li , Bo Han , Mingkui Tan

The increasing capability of large language models (LLMs) to generate fluent long-form texts is presenting new challenges in distinguishing machine-generated outputs from human-written ones, which is crucial for ensuring authenticity and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Yufei Tian , Zeyu Pan , Nanyun Peng

As artificial intelligence systems become increasingly prevalent in education, a fundamental challenge emerges: how can we verify if an AI truly understands how students think and reason? Traditional evaluation methods like measuring…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Shashank Sonkar , Naiming Liu , Xinghe Chen , Richard G. Baraniuk

The enhancement of mathematical capabilities in large language models (LLMs) fosters new developments in mathematics education within primary and secondary schools, particularly as they relate to intelligent tutoring systems. However, LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Zhenquan Shen , Xinguo Yu , Xiaotian Cheng , Rao Peng , Hao Ming

To combat the misuse of Large Language Models (LLMs), many recent studies have presented LLM-generated-text detectors with promising performance. When users instruct LLMs to generate texts, the instruction can include different constraints…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Ryuto Koike , Masahiro Kaneko , Naoaki Okazaki

A well-known issue with Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is that retrieved passages that are irrelevant to the query sometimes distract the answer-generating LLM, causing it to provide an incorrect response. In this paper, we shed light…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Chen Amiraz , Florin Cuconasu , Simone Filice , Zohar Karnin