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Additive manufacturing processes are flexible and efficient technologies for producing complex geometries. However, ensuring reliability and repeatability is challenging due to the complex physics and various sources of uncertainty in the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-18 Dominic Liao-McPherson , Efe C. Balta , Mohamadreza Afrasiabi , Alisa Rupenyan , Markus Bambach , John Lygeros

Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) is a type of Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology that builds parts in a layer-by-layer fashion out of a bed of metal powder via the selective melting action of a laser or electron beam heat source. The technology…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-01-09 Nathaniel Wood , David Hoelzle

Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) is an important Additive Manufacturing (AM) process that is seeing widespread utilization. However, due to inherent process variability, it is still very costly and time consuming to certify the process and the part.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-12 Xin Wang , Bumsoo Park , Robert G. Landers , Sandipan Mishra , Douglas A. Bristow

This study investigates the stabilization of interlayer temperature in the laser powder bed fusion process through a novel switched layer-to-layer closed-loop feedback controller. The controller architecture aims to measure the interlayer…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-22 Barış Kavas , Efe C. Balta , Lars Witte , Michael R. Tucker , John Lygeros , Markus Bambach

Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) is a widely adopted additive manufacturing process for fabricating complex metallic parts layer by layer. Effective thermal management is essential to ensure part quality and structural integrity, as thermal…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-22 Yukta Pareek , Abdul Malik Al Mardhouf Al Saadi , Amrita Basak , Satadru Dey

Numerical simulations of a complete laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing (AM) process are extremely challenging or even impossible to achieve without a radical model reduction of the complex physical phenomena occurring…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-12-20 Massimo Carraturo , Alex Viguerie , Alessandro Reali , Ferdinando Auricchio

Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques hold promise but face significant challenges in process planning and optimization. The large temporal and spatial variations in temperature that can occur in layer-wise AM lead to thermal excursions,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-22 Mikhail Khrenov , William Frieden Templeton , Sneha Prabha Narra

Laser Additive Manufacturing (LAM) presents unparalleled opportunities for fabricating complex, high-performance structures and components with unique material properties. Despite these advancements, achieving consistent part quality and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-24 Lequn Chen , Guijun Bi , Xiling Yao , Jinlong Su , Chaolin Tan , Wenhe Feng , Michalis Benakis , Youxiang Chew , Seung Ki Moon

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process can incur defects due to melt pool instabilities, spattering, temperature increase, and powder spread anomalies. Identifying defects through in-situ monitoring typically requires collecting, storing,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Shawn Hinnebusch , David Anderson , Berkay Bostan , Albert C. To

Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing has revolutionized industries with its capability to create intricate and customized components. The LPBF process uses moving heat sources to melt and solidify metal powders. The fast…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Xin Liu , Xingchen Liu , Paul Witherell

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is an additive manufacturing technique that has gained popularity thanks to its ability to produce geometrically complex, fully dense metal parts. However, these parts are prone to internal defects and…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Nicholas Kirschbaum , Nathaniel Wood , Chang-Eun Kim , Thejaswi U. Tumkur , Chinedum Okwudire

Qualification of high-performance metal components produced by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) must identify process-induced porous defects that reduce ductility and nucleate fatigue cracking. Detecting such defects via optical monitoring of…

Optics · Physics 2024-11-22 Ryan W. Penny , Zachery Kutschke , A. John Hart

Controller tuning is crucial for closed-loop performance but often involves manual adjustments. Although Bayesian optimization (BO) has been established as a data-efficient method for automated tuning, applying it to large and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-26 Alexander von Rohr , David Stenger , Dominik Scheurenberg , Sebastian Trimpe

Numerical simulation of the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) procedure for additive manufacturing (AM) is difficult due to the presence of multiple scales in both time and space, ranging from the part scale (order of millimeters/seconds) to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-10-26 Alex Viguerie , Massimo Carraturo , Alessandro Reali , Ferdinando Auricchio

Automatic controller tuning is attractive for robotics and mechatronic systems whose dynamics are difficult to model accurately, but direct black-box optimization can be unsafe because each query is executed on the physical plant. Existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Hongxuan Wang , Xiaocong Li , Lihao Zheng , Adrish Bhaumik , Prahlad Vadakkepat

Variation in the local thermal history during the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process in additive manufacturing (AM) can cause microporosity defects. in-situ sensing has been proposed to monitor the AM process to minimize defects, but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Sina Malakpour Estalaki , Cody S. Lough , Robert G. Landers , Edward C. Kinzel , Tengfei Luo

The quality of 3D prints often varies due to different conditions inherent to each print, such as filament type, print speed, and nozzle size. Closed-loop process control methods improve the accuracy and repeatability of 3D prints. However,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-26 Xavier Guidetti , Ankita Mukne , Marvin Rueppel , Yannick Nagel , Efe C. Balta , John Lygeros

Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is a widely recognized additive manufacturing technology for producing intricate metal components with exceptional accuracy. A key challenge in L-PBF is the formation of complex microstructures affecting…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Augustine Twumasi , Prokash Chandra Roy , Zixun Li , Soumya Shouvik Bhattacharjee , Zhengtao Gan

Metal Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB/M) is a leading additive manufacturing technique in which part quality and grain morphology are highly dependent on process parameters. Numerous studies of process variations, such as laser power, scan…

Achieving desired mechanical properties in additive manufacturing requires many experiments and a well-defined design framework becomes crucial in reducing trials and conserving resources. Here, we propose a methodology embracing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Mahsa Amiri , Zahra Zanjani Foumani , Penghui Cao , Lorenzo Valdevit , Ramin Bostanabad
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