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This paper investigates efficient methods for utilizing text-only data to improve speech recognition, focusing on encoder-dominated models that facilitate faster recognition. We provide a comprehensive comparison of techniques to integrate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Albert Zeyer , Tim Posielek , Ralf Schlüter , Hermann Ney

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in unifying streaming and non-streaming speech recognition models to reduce development, training and deployment cost. The best-known approaches rely on either window-based or dynamic…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-27 Xilai Li , Goeric Huybrechts , Srikanth Ronanki , Jeff Farris , Sravan Bodapati

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) with an encoder equipped with self-attention, whether streaming or non-streaming, takes quadratic time in the length of the speech utterance. This slows down training and decoding, increase their cost, and…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Titouan Parcollet , Rogier van Dalen , Shucong Zhang , Sourav Batthacharya

The training of automatic speech recognition (ASR) with little to no supervised data remains an open question. In this work, we demonstrate that streaming Transformer-Transducer (TT) models can be trained from scratch in consumer and…

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) and speech translation (ST) can both use neural transducers as the model structure. It is thus possible to use a single transducer model to perform both tasks. In real-world applications, such joint ASR…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Peidong Wang , Eric Sun , Jian Xue , Yu Wu , Long Zhou , Yashesh Gaur , Shujie Liu , Jinyu Li

We introduce dual-decoder Transformer, a new model architecture that jointly performs automatic speech recognition (ASR) and multilingual speech translation (ST). Our models are based on the original Transformer architecture (Vaswani et…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-21 Hang Le , Juan Pino , Changhan Wang , Jiatao Gu , Didier Schwab , Laurent Besacier

Transformer-based architectures are the most used architectures in many deep learning fields like Natural Language Processing, Computer Vision or Speech processing. It may encourage the direct use of Transformers in the constrained tasks,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-29 Youness Dkhissi , Valentin Vielzeuf , Elys Allesiardo , Anthony Larcher

Streaming recognition of multi-talker conversations has so far been evaluated only for 2-speaker single-turn sessions. In this paper, we investigate it for multi-turn meetings containing multiple speakers using the Streaming Unmixing and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-25 Desh Raj , Liang Lu , Zhuo Chen , Yashesh Gaur , Jinyu Li

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) models are typically designed to operate on a single input data type, e.g. a single or multi-channel audio streamed from a device. This design decision assumes the primary input data source does not change…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-30 Gokce Keskin , Minhua Wu , Brian King , Harish Mallidi , Yang Gao , Jasha Droppo , Ariya Rastrow , Roland Maas

In this paper we present an end-to-end speech recognition model with Transformer encoders that can be used in a streaming speech recognition system. Transformer computation blocks based on self-attention are used to encode both audio and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-18 Qian Zhang , Han Lu , Hasim Sak , Anshuman Tripathi , Erik McDermott , Stephen Koo , Shankar Kumar

There is growing interest in unifying the streaming and full-context automatic speech recognition (ASR) networks into a single end-to-end ASR model to simplify the model training and deployment for both use cases. While in real-world ASR…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-10 Chunxi Liu , Yuan Shangguan , Haichuan Yang , Yangyang Shi , Raghuraman Krishnamoorthi , Ozlem Kalinli

We propose a simple method for automatic speech recognition (ASR) by fine-tuning BERT, which is a language model (LM) trained on large-scale unlabeled text data and can generate rich contextual representations. Our assumption is that given…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Wen-Chin Huang , Chia-Hua Wu , Shang-Bao Luo , Kuan-Yu Chen , Hsin-Min Wang , Tomoki Toda

Recent research shows a big convergence in model architecture, training objectives, and inference methods across various tasks for different modalities. In this paper, we propose VioLA, a single auto-regressive Transformer decoder-only…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Tianrui Wang , Long Zhou , Ziqiang Zhang , Yu Wu , Shujie Liu , Yashesh Gaur , Zhuo Chen , Jinyu Li , Furu Wei

TV subtitles are a rich source of transcriptions of many types of speech, ranging from read speech in news reports to conversational and spontaneous speech in talk shows and soaps. However, subtitles are not verbatim (i.e. exact)…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-17 Jakob Poncelet , Hugo Van hamme

This paper proposes a token-level serialized output training (t-SOT), a novel framework for streaming multi-talker automatic speech recognition (ASR). Unlike existing streaming multi-talker ASR models using multiple output branches, the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-18 Naoyuki Kanda , Jian Wu , Yu Wu , Xiong Xiao , Zhong Meng , Xiaofei Wang , Yashesh Gaur , Zhuo Chen , Jinyu Li , Takuya Yoshioka

Audio-visual automatic speech recognition is a promising approach to robust ASR under noisy conditions. However, up until recently it had been traditionally studied in isolation assuming the video of a single speaking face matches the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-13 Otavio Braga , Olivier Siohan

Research in auditory, visual, and audiovisual speech recognition (ASR, VSR, and AVSR, respectively) has traditionally been conducted independently. Even recent self-supervised studies addressing two or all three tasks simultaneously tend to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Alexandros Haliassos , Rodrigo Mira , Honglie Chen , Zoe Landgraf , Stavros Petridis , Maja Pantic

The RNN-Transducers and improved attention-based encoder-decoder models are widely applied to streaming speech recognition. Compared with these two end-to-end models, the CTC model is more efficient in training and inference. However, it…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-06 Zhengkun Tian , Jiangyan Yi , Ye Bai , Jianhua Tao , Shuai Zhang , Zhengqi Wen

The recent emergence of joint CTC-Attention model shows significant improvement in automatic speech recognition (ASR). The improvement largely lies in the modeling of linguistic information by decoder. The decoder joint-optimized with an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Xulong Zhang , Jianzong Wang , Ning Cheng , Mengyuan Zhao , Zhiyong Zhang , Jing Xiao

As a robust and large-scale multilingual speech recognition model, Whisper has demonstrated impressive results in many low-resource and out-of-distribution scenarios. However, its encoder-decoder structure hinders its application to…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Haoyu Wang , Guoqiang Hu , Guodong Lin , Wei-Qiang Zhang , Jian Li