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Deep Learning has already been successfully applied to analyze industrial sensor data in a variety of relevant use cases. However, the opaque nature of many well-performing methods poses a major obstacle for real-world deployment.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Thomas Decker , Michael Lebacher , Volker Tresp

Reliably detecting when a deployed machine learning model is likely to fail on a given input is crucial for ensuring safe operation. In this work, we propose DECIDER (Debiasing Classifiers to Identify Errors Reliably), a novel approach that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Rakshith Subramanyam , Kowshik Thopalli , Vivek Narayanaswamy , Jayaraman J. Thiagarajan

The ubiquity of machine learning based predictive models in modern society naturally leads people to ask how trustworthy those models are? In predictive modeling, it is quite common to induce a trade-off between accuracy and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-05 John Mitros , Brian Mac Namee

The unprecedented performance of machine learning models in recent years, particularly Deep Learning and transformer models, has resulted in their application in various domains such as finance, healthcare, and education. However, the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Milad Rogha

This paper describes the incorporation of uncertainty in diagnostic reasoning based on the set covering model of Reggia et. al. extended to what in the Artificial Intelligence dichotomy between deep and compiled (shallow, surface) knowledge…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-12 Charles I. Kalme

AI models have shown promise in many medical imaging tasks. However, our ability to explain what signals these models have learned is severely lacking. Explanations are needed in order to increase the trust in AI-based models, and could…

Explainable AI (XAI) aims to improve user understanding and decisions when using AI models. However, despite innovations in XAI, recent user evaluations reveal that this goal remains elusive. Understanding human cognition can help explain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Louth Bin Rawshan , Zhuoyu Wang , Brian Y. Lim

With the ongoing development of deep learning, an increasing number of AI models have surpassed the performance levels of human clinical practitioners. However, the prevalence of AI diagnostic products in actual clinical practice remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Chenglong Wang , Yinqiao Yi , Yida Wang , Chengxiu Zhang , Yun Liu , Kensaku Mori , Mei Yuan , Guang Yang

Counterfactual inference is a powerful tool, capable of solving challenging problems in high-profile sectors. To perform counterfactual inference, one requires knowledge of the underlying causal mechanisms. However, causal mechanisms cannot…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-23 Athanasios Vlontzos , Bernhard Kainz , Ciaran M. Gilligan-Lee

Deep convolutional neural networks have proven their effectiveness, and have been acknowledged as the most dominant method for image classification. However, a severe drawback of deep convolutional neural networks is poor explainability.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Bin Wang , Wenbin Pei , Bing Xue , Mengjie Zhang

Many high-performance models suffer from a lack of interpretability. There has been an increasing influx of work on explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) in order to disentangle what is meant and expected by XAI. Nevertheless, there is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-23 Adrien Bennetot , Jean-Luc Laurent , Raja Chatila , Natalia Díaz-Rodríguez

Black-box deep learning approaches have showcased significant potential in the realm of medical image analysis. However, the stringent trustworthiness requirements intrinsic to the medical field have catalyzed research into the utilization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Yequan Bie , Luyang Luo , Hao Chen

Foundation models, large-scale, pre-trained deep-learning models adapted to a wide range of downstream tasks have gained significant interest lately in various deep-learning problems undergoing a paradigm shift with the rise of these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Bobby Azad , Reza Azad , Sania Eskandari , Afshin Bozorgpour , Amirhossein Kazerouni , Islem Rekik , Dorit Merhof

Medical image analysis is a vibrant research area that offers doctors and medical practitioners invaluable insight and the ability to accurately diagnose and monitor disease. Machine learning provides an additional boost for this area.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Athanasios Vlontzos , Daniel Rueckert , Bernhard Kainz

One principal impediment in the successful deployment of AI-based Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems in clinical workflows is their lack of transparent decision making. Although commonly used eXplainable AI methods provide some insight…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-01-05 Adriano Lucieri , Muhammad Naseer Bajwa , Stephan Alexander Braun , Muhammad Imran Malik , Andreas Dengel , Sheraz Ahmed

Understanding causal relationships among features is fundamental for explaining machine learning model decisions. However, traditional causal discovery methods face challenges with categorical variables due to numerical instability in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Henry Salgado , Meagan R. Kendall , Martine Ceberio

Clinical decision-making is a feedback system where risk estimates influence treatment, which in turn changes disease trajectories, and both shape clinicians' measurement practices. Static prediction often fails clinically: models trained…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Pujun Feng , Xiaoyu Guo , Seyed Ehsan Saffari , Min Hun Lee , Siew-Kei Lam , Erik Cambria , Xibin Sun , Yangtao Zhou , Tong Yang , Xiaoyu Zhang , Tao Tan , Yue Sun , Bin Cui

AI systems are often used to make or contribute to important decisions in a growing range of applications, including criminal justice, hiring, and medicine. Since these decisions impact human lives, it is important that the AI systems act…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Duncan C McElfresh , Lok Chan , Kenzie Doyle , Walter Sinnott-Armstrong , Vincent Conitzer , Jana Schaich Borg , John P Dickerson

Transparency is an essential requirement of machine learning based decision making systems that are deployed in real world. Often, transparency of a given system is achieved by providing explanations of the behavior and predictions of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-18 André Artelt , Barbara Hammer

Clinical decision making from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combines complementary information from multiple MRI sequences (defined as 'modalities'). MRI image registration aims to geometrically 'pair' diagnoses from different…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-07 Chengjia Wang , Giorgos Papanastasiou