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While Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities in zero-shot and few-shot scenarios, they often require computationally prohibitive sizes. Conversely, smaller Masked Language Models (MLMs) like BERT and RoBERTa achieve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Ahmed Elshabrawy , Yongxin Huang , Iryna Gurevych , Alham Fikri Aji

Role-play prompting is known to steer the behavior of language models by injecting a persona into the prompt, improving their zero-shot reasoning capabilities. However, such improvements are inconsistent across different tasks or instances.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Junseok Kim , Nakyeong Yang , Kyomin Jung

Narrative-driven recommenders aim to provide personalized suggestions for user requests expressed in free-form text such as "I want to watch a thriller with a mind-bending story, like Shutter Island." Although large language models (LLMs)…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Lukas Eberhard , Thorsten Ruprechter , Denis Helic

We propose LLM-Eval, a unified multi-dimensional automatic evaluation method for open-domain conversations with large language models (LLMs). Existing evaluation methods often rely on human annotations, ground-truth responses, or multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Yen-Ting Lin , Yun-Nung Chen

Relation extraction (RE) consistently involves a certain degree of labeled or unlabeled data even if under zero-shot setting. Recent studies have shown that large language models (LLMs) transfer well to new tasks out-of-the-box simply given…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Guozheng Li , Peng Wang , Wenjun Ke

Reward design in reinforcement learning (RL) is challenging since specifying human notions of desired behavior may be difficult via reward functions or require many expert demonstrations. Can we instead cheaply design rewards using a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Minae Kwon , Sang Michael Xie , Kalesha Bullard , Dorsa Sadigh

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized zero-shot task performance, mitigating the need for task-specific annotations while enhancing task generalizability. Despite its advancements, current methods using trigger phrases such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Saurabh Srivastava , Chengyue Huang , Weiguo Fan , Ziyu Yao

Time-series forecasting (TSF) finds broad applications in real-world scenarios. Prompting off-the-shelf Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrates strong zero-shot TSF capabilities while preserving computational efficiency. However, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Haoxin Liu , Zhiyuan Zhao , Jindong Wang , Harshavardhan Kamarthi , B. Aditya Prakash

The use of large language models (LLMs) in natural language processing (NLP) tasks is rapidly increasing, leading to changes in how researchers approach problems in the field. To fully utilize these models' abilities, a better understanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Bishal Santra , Sakya Basak , Abhinandan De , Manish Gupta , Pawan Goyal

Pre-trained language models (PLM) have marked a huge leap in neural dialogue modeling. While PLMs are pre-trained on large-scale text corpora, they are usually fine-tuned on scarce dialogue data with specific domain knowledge and dialogue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Xiaodong Gu , Kang Min Yoo , Sang-Woo Lee

The performance of large language models in domain-specific tasks necessitates fine-tuning, which is computationally expensive and technically challenging. This paper focuses on parameter-efficient fine-tuning using soft prompting, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Ananth Muppidi , Abhilash Nandy , Sambaran Bandyopadhyay

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate their promise in tackling complicated practical challenges by combining action-based policies with chain of thought (CoT) reasoning. Having high-quality prompts on hand, however, is vital to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Xue Yan , Yan Song , Xinyu Cui , Filippos Christianos , Haifeng Zhang , David Henry Mguni , Jun Wang

Embodied agents designed to assist users with tasks must engage in natural language interactions, interpret instructions, execute actions, and communicate effectively to resolve issues. However, collecting large-scale, diverse datasets of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Daniel Philipov , Vardhan Dongre , Gokhan Tur , Dilek Hakkani-Tür

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been showing promising results for various NLP-tasks without the explicit need to be trained for these tasks by using few-shot or zero-shot prompting techniques. A common NLP-task is question-answering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Kevin Fischer , Darren Fürst , Sebastian Steindl , Jakob Lindner , Ulrich Schäfer

The prevailing paradigm in the domain of Open-Domain Dialogue agents predominantly focuses on the English language, encompassing both models and datasets. Furthermore, the financial and temporal investments required for crowdsourcing such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Ahmed Njifenjou , Virgile Sucal , Bassam Jabaian , Fabrice Lefèvre

Developing domain-specific conversational agents (CAs) has been challenged by the need for extensive domain-focused data. Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) make them a viable option as a knowledge backbone. LLMs behaviour…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Shu Zhong , Elia Gatti , James Hardwick , Miriam Ribul , Youngjun Cho , Marianna Obrist

Consistently scaling pre-trained language models (PLMs) imposes substantial burdens on model adaptation, necessitating more efficient alternatives to conventional fine-tuning. Given the advantage of prompting in the zero-shot setting and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Yulin Chen , Ning Ding , Xiaobin Wang , Shengding Hu , Hai-Tao Zheng , Zhiyuan Liu , Pengjun Xie

We explore the use of large language models (LLMs) for zero-shot semantic parsing. Semantic parsing involves mapping natural language utterances to task-specific meaning representations. Language models are generally trained on the publicly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Dheeraj Mekala , Jason Wolfe , Subhro Roy

The performance of large language models (LLMs) depends on how they are prompted, with choices spanning both the high-level prompting pattern (e.g., Zero-Shot, CoT, ReAct, ReWOO) and the specific prompt content (instructions and few-shot…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Claudio Spiess , Mandana Vaziri , Louis Mandel , Martin Hirzel

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) allow agents to execute complex natural language tasks. Many LLM applications, such as support agents, teaching assistants, and interactive bots, involve multi-turn conversations. However, it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 David Kogan , Sam Nguyen , Masanori Suzuki , Feiyang Chen