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Reinforcement learning (RL) is an appealing paradigm for training intelligent agents, enabling policy acquisition from the agent's own autonomously acquired experience. However, the training process of RL is far from automatic, requiring…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Zhao Yang , Thomas M. Moerland , Mike Preuss , Aske Plaat , Edward S. Hu

Graphical user interface (GUI)-based mobile agents automate digital tasks on mobile devices by interpreting natural-language instructions and interacting with the screen. While recent methods apply reinforcement learning (RL) to train…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Li Gu , Zihuan Jiang , Zhixiang Chi , Huan Liu , Ziqiang Wang , Yuanhao Yu , Glen Berseth , Yang Wang

Reward engineering has long been a challenge in Reinforcement Learning (RL) research, as it often requires extensive human effort and iterative processes of trial-and-error to design effective reward functions. In this paper, we propose…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Yufei Wang , Zhanyi Sun , Jesse Zhang , Zhou Xian , Erdem Biyik , David Held , Zackory Erickson

In this paper, we explore the utilization of natural language to drive transfer for reinforcement learning (RL). Despite the wide-spread application of deep RL techniques, learning generalized policy representations that work across domains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-12-07 Karthik Narasimhan , Regina Barzilay , Tommi Jaakkola

Reinforcement learning (RL) solves sequential decision-making problems via a trial-and-error process interacting with the environment. While RL achieves outstanding success in playing complex video games that allow huge trial-and-error,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Fan-Ming Luo , Tian Xu , Hang Lai , Xiong-Hui Chen , Weinan Zhang , Yang Yu

Embodied agents, such as robots and virtual characters, must continuously select actions to execute tasks effectively, solving complex sequential decision-making problems. Given the difficulty of designing such controllers manually,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Pedro Santana

Learning to reach goal states and learning diverse skills through mutual information (MI) maximization have been proposed as principled frameworks for self-supervised reinforcement learning, allowing agents to acquire broadly applicable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Jongwook Choi , Archit Sharma , Honglak Lee , Sergey Levine , Shixiang Shane Gu

Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLMs) leverages Large Language Models as a cognitive framework for diverse visual-language tasks. Recent efforts have been made to equip MLLMs with visual perceiving and grounding capabilities. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Junwen He , Yifan Wang , Lijun Wang , Huchuan Lu , Jun-Yan He , Jin-Peng Lan , Bin Luo , Xuansong Xie

Agentic reinforcement learning increasingly relies on experience-driven scaling, yet real-world environments remain non-adaptive, limited in coverage, and difficult to scale. World models offer a potential way to improve learning efficiency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Yixia Li , Hongru Wang , Jiahao Qiu , Zhenfei Yin , Dongdong Zhang , Cheng Qian , Zeping Li , Pony Ma , Guanhua Chen , Heng Ji

Medical Large Vision-Language Models (Med-LVLMs) have shown strong potential in multimodal diagnostic tasks. However, existing single-agent models struggle to generalize across diverse medical specialties, limiting their performance. Recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Peng Xia , Jinglu Wang , Yibo Peng , Kaide Zeng , Zihan Dong , Xian Wu , Xiangru Tang , Hongtu Zhu , Yun Li , Linjun Zhang , Shujie Liu , Yan Lu , Huaxiu Yao

Model-based reinforcement learning (RL) enjoys several benefits, such as data-efficiency and planning, by learning a model of the environment's dynamics. However, learning a global model that can generalize across different dynamics is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Kimin Lee , Younggyo Seo , Seunghyun Lee , Honglak Lee , Jinwoo Shin

While Reinforcement Learning (RL) has achieved remarkable success in language modeling, its triumph hasn't yet fully translated to visuomotor agents. A primary challenge in RL models is their tendency to overfit specific tasks or…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Shaofei Cai , Zhancun Mu , Haiwen Xia , Bowei Zhang , Anji Liu , Yitao Liang

Generalization in reinforcement learning (RL) is of importance for real deployment of RL algorithms. Various schemes are proposed to address the generalization issues, including transfer learning, multi-task learning and meta learning, as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Chang Yang , Ruiyu Wang , Xinrun Wang , Zhen Wang

Recently, empowered with the powerful capabilities of neural networks, reinforcement learning (RL) has successfully tackled numerous challenging tasks. However, while these models demonstrate enhanced decision-making abilities, they are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Zhengpeng Xie , Yulong Zhang

Collecting large amounts of real-world interaction data to train general robotic policies is often prohibitively expensive, thus motivating the use of simulation data. However, existing methods for data generation have generally focused on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Lirui Wang , Yiyang Ling , Zhecheng Yuan , Mohit Shridhar , Chen Bao , Yuzhe Qin , Bailin Wang , Huazhe Xu , Xiaolong Wang

Language Models and Vision Language Models have recently demonstrated unprecedented capabilities in terms of understanding human intentions, reasoning, scene understanding, and planning-like behaviour, in text form, among many others. In…

While reinforcement learning (RL) over chains of thought has significantly advanced language models in tasks such as mathematics and coding, visual reasoning introduces added complexity by requiring models to direct visual attention,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Gabriel Sarch , Snigdha Saha , Naitik Khandelwal , Ayush Jain , Michael J. Tarr , Aviral Kumar , Katerina Fragkiadaki

A key method for creating Artificial Intelligence (AI) agents is Reinforcement Learning (RL). However, constructing a standalone RL policy that maps perception to action directly encounters severe problems, chief among them being its lack…

The rapid emergence of foundation models, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision-Language Models (VLMs), has introduced a transformative paradigm in robotics. These models offer powerful capabilities in semantic understanding,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Muhammad Tayyab Khan , Ammar Waheed

Recent vision-language-action (VLA) models rely on 2D inputs, lacking integration with the broader realm of the 3D physical world. Furthermore, they perform action prediction by learning a direct mapping from perception to action,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Haoyu Zhen , Xiaowen Qiu , Peihao Chen , Jincheng Yang , Xin Yan , Yilun Du , Yining Hong , Chuang Gan