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Embodied Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance and generalization in robotics, particularly within Vision-Language-Action frameworks. However, a significant gap remains between the high-level semantic focus…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Ruowen Zhao , Bangguo Li , Zuyan Liu , Yinan Liang , Junliang Ye , Fangfu Liu , Diankun Wu , Zhengyi Wang , Xumin Yu , Yongming Rao , Han Hu , Jun Zhu

Recent studies have uncovered the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) in addressing complex sequential decision-making tasks through the provision of high-level instructions. However, LLM-based agents lack specialization in tackling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Zihao Zhou , Bin Hu , Chenyang Zhao , Pu Zhang , Bin Liu

We show that large language models (LLMs) can be adapted to be generalizable policies for embodied visual tasks. Our approach, called Large LAnguage model Reinforcement Learning Policy (LLaRP), adapts a pre-trained frozen LLM to take as…

Embodied agents operating in the physical world must make decisions that are not only effective but also safe, spatially coherent, and grounded in context. While recent advances in large multimodal models (LMMs) have shown promising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Dinura Dissanayake , Ahmed Heakl , Omkar Thawakar , Noor Ahsan , Ritesh Thawkar , Ketan More , Jean Lahoud , Rao Anwer , Hisham Cholakkal , Ivan Laptev , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Salman Khan

Reinforcement learning (RL) provides a naturalistic framing for learning through trial and error, which is appealing both because of its simplicity and effectiveness and because of its resemblance to how humans and animals acquire skills…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Archit Sharma , Kelvin Xu , Nikhil Sardana , Abhishek Gupta , Karol Hausman , Sergey Levine , Chelsea Finn

Leveraging massive knowledge from large language models (LLMs), recent machine learning models show notable successes in general-purpose task solving in diverse domains such as computer vision and robotics. However, several significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Jiangyong Huang , Silong Yong , Xiaojian Ma , Xiongkun Linghu , Puhao Li , Yan Wang , Qing Li , Song-Chun Zhu , Baoxiong Jia , Siyuan Huang

Large-scale pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have significantly advanced transfer learning across diverse tasks. However, adapting these models with limited few-shot data often leads to overfitting, undermining their ability to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Yuncheng Guo , Xiaodong Gu

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms typically start tabula rasa, without any prior knowledge of the environment, and without any prior skills. This however often leads to low sample efficiency, requiring a large amount of interaction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-13 Matthias Hutsebaut-Buysse , Kevin Mets , Steven Latré

Reinforcement learning is a promising framework for solving control problems, but its use in practical situations is hampered by the fact that reward functions are often difficult to engineer. Specifying goals and tasks for autonomous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-22 Justin Fu , Anoop Korattikara , Sergey Levine , Sergio Guadarrama

The strong performance of large vision-language models (VLMs) trained with reinforcement learning (RL) has motivated similar approaches for fine-tuning vision-language-action (VLA) models in robotics. Many recent works fine-tune VLAs…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Andrew Choi , Xinjie Wang , Zhizhong Su , Wei Xu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated a wide range of capabilities across many domains, including Embodied AI. In this work, we study how to best ground a MLLM into different embodiments and their associated action…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Andrew Szot , Bogdan Mazoure , Harsh Agrawal , Devon Hjelm , Zsolt Kira , Alexander Toshev

We consider model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) in 2-agent, high-fidelity continuous control problems -- an important domain for robots interacting with other agents in the same workspace. For non-trivial dynamical systems, MBRL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-04 Orr Krupnik , Igor Mordatch , Aviv Tamar

Reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated compelling performance in robotic tasks, but its success often hinges on the design of complex, ad hoc reward functions. Researchers have explored how Large Language Models (LLMs) could enable…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Letian Chen , Nina Moorman , Matthew Gombolay

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful approach for robot learning. However, model-free RL (MFRL) requires a large number of environment interactions to learn successful control policies. This is due to the noisy RL training updates and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Maria Krinner , Elie Aljalbout , Angel Romero , Davide Scaramuzza

Many real-world applications require an agent to make robust and deliberate decisions with multimodal information (e.g., robots with multi-sensory inputs). However, it is very challenging to train the agent via reinforcement learning (RL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Jinming Ma , Feng Wu , Yingfeng Chen , Xianpeng Ji , Yu Ding

Large language models (LLMs) provide excellent text-generation capabilities, but standard prompting and generation methods generally do not lead to intentional or goal-directed agents and might necessitate considerable prompt tuning. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Marwa Abdulhai , Isadora White , Charlie Snell , Charles Sun , Joey Hong , Yuexiang Zhai , Kelvin Xu , Sergey Levine

Manipulating objects is a hallmark of human intelligence, and an important task in domains such as robotics. In principle, Reinforcement Learning (RL) offers a general approach to learn object manipulation. In practice, however, domains…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Dan Haramati , Tal Daniel , Aviv Tamar

Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown impressive results in sequential decision-making tasks. Meanwhile, Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have emerged, exhibiting impressive capabilities in multimodal…

While reinforcement learning from scratch has shown impressive results in solving sequential decision-making tasks with efficient simulators, real-world applications with expensive interactions require more sample-efficient agents.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Remo Sasso , Michelangelo Conserva , Dominik Jeurissen , Paulo Rauber

Language models trained on diverse datasets unlock generalization by in-context learning. Reinforcement Learning (RL) policies can achieve a similar effect by meta-learning within the memory of a sequence model. However, meta-RL research…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Jake Grigsby , Justin Sasek , Samyak Parajuli , Daniel Adebi , Amy Zhang , Yuke Zhu