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The entry of large language models (LLMs) into research and commercial spaces has led to a trend of ever-larger models, with initial promises of generalisability, followed by a widespread desire to downsize and create specialised models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Niall Taylor , Upamanyu Ghose , Omid Rohanian , Mohammadmahdi Nouriborji , Andrey Kormilitzin , David Clifton , Alejo Nevado-Holgado

A common challenge towards the adaptability of Large Language Models (LLMs) is their ability to learn new languages over time without hampering the model's performance on languages in which the model is already proficient (usually English).…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Divyanshu Aggarwal , Sankarshan Damle , Navin Goyal , Satya Lokam , Sunayana Sitaram

Large Language Model (LLM) fine tuning is underutilized in the field of medicine. Two of the most common methods of fine tuning are Supervised Fine Tuning (SFT) and Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), but there is little guidance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Thomas Savage , Stephen Ma , Abdessalem Boukil , Vishwesh Patel , Ekanath Rangan , Ivan Lopez , Jonathan H Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across various tasks but face deployment challenges due to their massive computational demands. While post-training pruning methods like SparseGPT and Wanda can effectively…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Qiao Xiao , Alan Ansell , Boqian Wu , Lu Yin , Mykola Pechenizkiy , Shiwei Liu , Decebal Constantin Mocanu

This paper presents a study on strategies to enhance the translation capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in the context of machine translation (MT) tasks. The paper proposes a novel paradigm consisting of three stages: Secondary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Jiaxin Guo , Hao Yang , Zongyao Li , Daimeng Wei , Hengchao Shang , Xiaoyu Chen

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) on instruction-following corpus is a crucial approach toward the alignment of large language models (LLMs). However, the performance of LLMs on standard knowledge and reasoning benchmarks tends to suffer from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Tingchen Fu , Deng Cai , Lemao Liu , Shuming Shi , Rui Yan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly popular due to their ability to process and generate natural language. However, as they are trained on massive datasets of text, LLMs can inherit harmful biases and produce outputs that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Qi Gou , Cam-Tu Nguyen

Large pre-trained models (LPMs), such as large language models, have become ubiquitous and are employed in many applications. These models are often adapted to a desired domain or downstream task through a fine-tuning stage. This paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Juan Pablo Muñoz , Jinjie Yuan , Nilesh Jain

Large Language Models (LLMs), when used in educational settings without pedagogical fine-tuning, often provide immediate answers rather than guiding students through the problem-solving process. This approach falls short of pedagogically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Shashank Sonkar , Kangqi Ni , Sapana Chaudhary , Richard G. Baraniuk

The last year has witnessed the rapid progress of large language models (LLMs) across diverse domains. Among them, CodeLLMs have garnered particular attention because they can not only assist in completing various programming tasks but also…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Yibo Miao , Bofei Gao , Shanghaoran Quan , Junyang Lin , Daoguang Zan , Jiaheng Liu , Jian Yang , Tianyu Liu , Zhijie Deng

Parameter-Efficient Fine-tuning (PEFT) facilitates the fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) under limited resources. However, the fine-tuning performance with PEFT on complex, knowledge-intensive tasks is limited due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Jitai Hao , WeiWei Sun , Xin Xin , Qi Meng , Zhumin Chen , Pengjie Ren , Zhaochun Ren

Recently, preference optimization methods such as DPO have significantly enhanced large language models (LLMs) in wide tasks including dialogue and question-answering. However, current methods fail to account for the varying difficulty…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Jingyuan Ma , Rui Li , Zheng Li , Lei Sha , Zhifang Sui

Fine-tuning large language models (LLM) can be costly. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) addresses the problems by training a fraction of the parameters, whose success reveals the expressiveness and flexibility of pretrained models.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Jing Xu , Jingzhao Zhang

Automated Program Repair (APR) aims to fix bugs by generating patches. And existing work has demonstrated that "pre-training and fine-tuning" paradigm enables Large Language Models (LLMs) improve fixing capabilities on APR. However,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Guochang Li , Chen Zhi , Jialiang Chen , Junxiao Han , Shuiguang Deng

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated proficiency across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks but often require additional training, such as continual pre-training and supervised fine-tuning. However, the costs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Da Ma , Lu Chen , Pengyu Wang , Hongshen Xu , Hanqi Li , Liangtai Sun , Su Zhu , Shuai Fan , Kai Yu

Aligning large language models (LLMs) to human preferences is a crucial step in building helpful and safe AI tools, which usually involve training on supervised datasets. Popular algorithms such as Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Honggen Zhang , Xufeng Zhao , Igor Molybog , June Zhang

Foundation models have revolutionized artificial intelligence by providing robust, versatile architectures pre-trained on large-scale datasets. However, adapting these massive models to specific downstream tasks requires fine-tuning, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Jieming Bian , Yuanzhe Peng , Lei Wang , Yin Huang , Jie Xu

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress, with post-training playing a crucial role in enhancing their reasoning capabilities. Among post-training paradigms, supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is widely used: it leverages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Lisong Sun , Li Wang , Chen Zhang , Jinyang Wu , Kui Zhang , Tianhao Peng , Wenjun Wu

Post-training of Large Language Models often involves a pipeline of Supervised Finetuning (SFT) followed by Preference Finetuning (PFT) using methods like Direct Preference Optimization. Both stages require annotated data that are very…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Mohit Raghavendra , Junmo Kang , Alan Ritter

Post-training methods, especially Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) and Reinforcement Learning (RL), play an important role in improving large language models' (LLMs) complex reasoning abilities. However, the dominant two-stage pipeline (SFT…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Mingyu Su , Jian Guan , Yuxian Gu , Minlie Huang , Hongning Wang