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Across large language model (LLM) applications, we observe an emerging trend for reusing KV caches to save the prefill delays of processing repeated input texts in different LLM inputs. This has led to a broad design space, including…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Hanchen Li , Yuhan Liu , Yihua Cheng , Kuntai Du , Junchen Jiang

Long-context Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demand substantial computational resources for inference as the growth of their multimodal Key-Value (KV) cache, in response to increasing input lengths, challenges memory and time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Zhongwei Wan , Ziang Wu , Che Liu , Jinfa Huang , Zhihong Zhu , Peng Jin , Longyue Wang , Li Yuan

Serving Large Language Models (LLMs) can benefit immensely from parallelizing both the model and input requests across multiple devices, but incoming workloads exhibit substantial spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Spatially, workloads…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Youhe Jiang , Fangcheng Fu , Taiyi Wang , Guoliang He , Eiko Yoneki

As large language models (LLMs) continue to scale, the memory footprint of key-value (KV) caches during inference has become a significant bottleneck. Existing approaches primarily focus on compressing KV caches within a single prompt or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Xinye Zhao , Spyridon Mastorakis

As computational paradigms evolve, applications such as attention-based models, wireless telecommunications, and computer vision impose increasingly challenging requirements on computer architectures: significant memory footprints and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Sergio Mazzola , Yichao Zhang , Marco Bertuletti , Diyou Shen , Luca Benini

Multi-turn dialogues are essential in many real-world applications of large language models, such as chatbots and virtual assistants. As conversation histories become longer, existing large language models face increasing computational and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Haoyang Li , Zhanchao Xu , Yiming Li , Xuejia Chen , Darian Li , Anxin Tian , Qingfa Xiao , Cheng Deng , Jun Wang , Qing Li , Lei Chen , Mingxuan Yuan

Memory is a fundamental component for enabling long-context LLM agents, supporting persistent state across interactions through a continuous serve-and-update lifecycle. Despite substantial prior work, existing systems suffer from…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Han Chen , Zining Zhang , Wenqi Pei , Bingsheng He , Ming Wu , Jason Zeng , Michael Heinrich , Wei Wu , Hongbao Zhang

Memory-augmented Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capability for complex and long-horizon embodied planning. By keeping track of past experiences and environmental states, memory enables LLMs to maintain a global…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Zebin Yang , Tong Xie , Baotong Lu , Shaoshan Liu , Bo Yu , Meng Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) are reshaping unsupervised learning by offering an unprecedented ability to perform text clustering based on their deep semantic understanding. However, their direct application is fundamentally limited by a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Yuanjie Zhu , Liangwei Yang , Ke Xu , Weizhi Zhang , Zihe Song , Jindong Wang , Philip S. Yu

The rapid growth of generative AI and its integration into everyday workflows have significantly increased the demand for large language model (LLM) inference services. While proprietary models remain popular, recent advancements in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Linyu Wu , Xiaoyuan Liu , Tianneng Shi , Zhe Ye , Dawn Song

The use of Large Language Models (LLMs) for querying relational data has given rise to relQuery, a workload pattern that applies templated LLM calls to structured tables. As relQuery services become more widely adopted in applications such…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Xin Zhang , Shihong Gao , Yanyan Shen , Haoyang Li , Lei Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) show great capabilities in a wide range of applications, but serving them efficiently becomes increasingly challenging as requests (prompts) become more complex. Context caching improves serving performance by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Junhao Hu , Wenrui Huang , Weidong Wang , Haoyi Wang , Tiancheng Hu , Qin Zhang , Hao Feng , Xusheng Chen , Yizhou Shan , Tao Xie

Recently the generative Large Language Model (LLM) has achieved remarkable success in numerous applications. Notably its inference generates output tokens one-by-one, leading to many redundant computations. The widely-used KV-Cache…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Weizhuo Li , Zhigang Wang , Yu Gu , Ge Yu

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) extend Large Language Models (LLMs) by handling diverse inputs such as images, audio, and video, but at the cost of adding a multimodal encoding stage that increases both computational and memory overhead.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Gursimran Singh , Xinglu Wang , Yifan Hu , Timothy Yu , Linzi Xing , Wei Jiang , Zhefeng Wang , Xiaolong Bai , Yi Li , Ying Xiong , Yong Zhang , Zhenan Fan

Long-context Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) that incorporate long text-image and text-video modalities, demand substantial resources as their multimodal Key-Value (KV) caches grow with increasing input lengths, challenging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Zhongwei Wan , Hui Shen , Xin Wang , Che Liu , Zheda Mai , Mi Zhang

How to efficiently serve Large Language Models (LLMs) has become a pressing issue because of their huge computational cost in their autoregressive generation process. To mitigate computational costs, LLMs often employ the KV Cache technique…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Zheng Wang , Boxiao Jin , Zhongzhi Yu , Minjia Zhang

Serving disaggregated large language models (LLMs) over tens of thousands of xPU devices (GPUs or NPUs) with reliable performance faces multiple challenges. 1) Ignoring the diversity (various prefixes and tidal requests), treating all the…

Despite rapid progress in large-scale language and vision models, AI agents still suffer from a fundamental limitation: they cannot remember. Without reliable memory, agents catastrophically forget past experiences, struggle with…

Large language model (LLM) based agentic workflows have become a popular paradigm for coordinating multiple specialized agents to solve complex tasks. To improve serving efficiency, existing LLM systems employ prefix caching to reuse…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Zaifeng Pan , Ajjkumar Patel , Zhengding Hu , Yipeng Shen , Yue Guan , Wan-Lu Li , Lianhui Qin , Yida Wang , Yufei Ding

Semantic caching enhances the efficiency of large language model (LLM) systems by identifying semantically similar queries, storing responses once, and serving them for subsequent equivalent requests. However, existing semantic caching…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Shervin Ghaffari , Zohre Bahranifard , Mohammad Akbari