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Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have emerged as a critical and fast-growing extension of Large Language Models (LLMs) that enable multimodal reasoning through both text and image inputs. Although VLMs enrich the capabilities of language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yingbing Huang , Tharun Adithya Srikrishnan , Steven K. Reinhardt , Deming Chen

With the rapid development of large language models (LLMs), handling long context has become one of the vital abilities in LLMs. Such long-context ability is accompanied by difficulties in deployment, especially due to the increased…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Zhuorui Liu , Chen Zhang , Dawei Song

Serving Large Language Models (LLMs) at scale requires meeting strict Service Level Objectives (SLOs) under severe computational and memory constraints. Nevertheless, traditional caching strategies fall short: exact-matching and prefix…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Jungwoo Kim , Minsang Kim , Jaeheon Lee , Chanwoo Moon , Heejin Kim , Taeho Hwang , Woosuk Chung , Yeseong Kim , Sungjin Lee

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) map visual inputs into dense token sequences, imposing a quadratic computational bottleneck for inference. Elastic visual-token compression addresses this by training a single model that can run at…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Selim Kuzucu , Alessio Tonioni , Vasile Lup , Bernt Schiele , Federico Tombari , Muhammad Ferjad Naeem

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at general code generation, but their performance drops sharply in enterprise settings that rely on internal private libraries absent from public pre-training corpora. While Retrieval-Augmented Generation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Mofei Li , Taozhi Chen , Guowei Yang , Jia Li

In the field of instruction-following large vision-language models (LVLMs), the efficient deployment of these models faces challenges, notably due to the high memory demands of their key-value (KV) caches. Conventional cache management…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Zuyan Liu , Benlin Liu , Jiahui Wang , Yuhao Dong , Guangyi Chen , Yongming Rao , Ranjay Krishna , Jiwen Lu

The emergence of long-context text applications utilizing large language models (LLMs) has presented significant scalability challenges, particularly in memory footprint. The linear growth of the Key-Value (KV) cache responsible for storing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Hongxuan Zhang , Yao Zhao , Jiaqi Zheng , Chenyi Zhuang , Jinjie Gu , Guihai Chen

In the era of Web of Things and Services, Context-aware Web Services (CASs) are emerging as an important technology for building innovative context-aware applications. CASs enable the information integration from both the physical and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-12-20 Quan Z. Sheng , Jian Yu , Hanchuan Xu , Wei Emma Zhang , Anne H. H. Ngu , Jun Han , Ruilin Liu

Large language models (LLMs) rely on key-value (KV) caches for efficient autoregressive decoding; however, cache size grows linearly with context length and model depth, becoming a major bottleneck in long-context inference. Prior KV cache…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Dmitry Akulov , Mohamed Sana , Antonio De Domenico , Tareq Si Salem , Nicola Piovesan , Fadhel Ayed

Key-value (KV) caching is critical for efficient inference in large language models (LLMs), yet its memory footprint scales linearly with context length, resulting in a severe scalability bottleneck. Existing approaches largely treat KV…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Gradwell Dzikanyanga , Weihao Yang , Hao Huang , Donglei Wu , Shihao Wang , Wen Xia , Sanjeeb K C

Large-scale human mobility simulation is critical for applications such as urban planning, epidemiology, and transportation analysis. Recent works treat large language models (LLMs) as human agents to simulate realistic mobility behaviors…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Hua Yan , Heng Tan , Yingxue Zhang , Yu Yang

Generative recommendation (GR) offers superior modeling capabilities but suffers from prohibitive inference costs due to the repeated encoding of long user histories. While cross-request Key-Value (KV) cache reuse presents a significant…

Large multimodal models (LMMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities in understanding images, videos, and audio beyond text. However, efficiently serving LMMs in production environments poses significant challenges due to their complex…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Haoran Qiu , Anish Biswas , Zihan Zhao , Jayashree Mohan , Alind Khare , Esha Choukse , Íñigo Goiri , Zeyu Zhang , Haiying Shen , Chetan Bansal , Ramachandran Ramjee , Rodrigo Fonseca

Efficient inference with Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly relies on Key-Value (KV) caches to store previously computed key and value vectors at each layer. These caches are essential to minimize redundant computation during…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Oteo Mamo , Olga Kogiou , Hyunjin Yi , Weikuan Yu

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have already achieved remarkable results on long-text tasks, but the limited GPU memory (VRAM) resources struggle to accommodate the linearly growing demand for key-value (KV) cache as the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Shibo Jie , Yehui Tang , Kai Han , Zhi-Hong Deng , Jing Han

Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated significant improvement in offline video understanding. However, extending these capabilities to streaming video inputs, remains challenging, as existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Haowei Zhang , Shudong Yang , Jinlan Fu , See-Kiong Ng , Xipeng Qiu

Continual Learning (CL) is an emerging machine learning paradigm that aims to learn from a continuous stream of tasks without forgetting knowledge learned from the previous tasks. To avoid performance decrease caused by forgetting, prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Soobee Lee , Minindu Weerakoon , Jonghyun Choi , Minjia Zhang , Di Wang , Myeongjae Jeon

To reduce LLM costs and latency, semantic caching systems must accurately identify when a new prompt matches a cached one. Current methods often rely on simplistic similarity measures, which limit their effectiveness. We introduce…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Ali Noshad , Zishan Zheng , Yinjun Wu

The expanding context windows in large language models (LLMs) have greatly enhanced their capabilities in various applications, but they also introduce significant challenges in maintaining low latency, particularly in Time to First Token…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Yi Xiong , Hao Wu , Changxu Shao , Ziqing Wang , Rui Zhang , Yuhong Guo , Junping Zhao , Ke Zhang , Zhenxuan Pan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have resulted in a surging demand for planet-scale serving systems, where tens of thousands of GPUs continuously serve hundreds of millions of users. Consequently, throughput has emerged as a key metric that…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Kan Zhu , Yufei Gao , Yilong Zhao , Liangyu Zhao , Gefei Zuo , Yile Gu , Dedong Xie , Tian Tang , Qinyu Xu , Zihao Ye , Keisuke Kamahori , Chien-Yu Lin , Ziren Wang , Stephanie Wang , Arvind Krishnamurthy , Baris Kasikci
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