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An automated metric to evaluate dialogue quality is vital for optimizing data driven dialogue management. The common approach of relying on explicit user feedback during a conversation is intrusive and sparse. Current models to estimate…

Causal reasoning in natural language requires identifying relevant variables, understanding their interactions, and reasoning about effects and interventions, often under noisy or ambiguous conditions. While large language models (LLMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Zhi Xu , Yun Fu

Recent success in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) allow problem solving automatically without any human intervention. Autonomous approaches can be very convenient. However, in certain domains, e.g., in the medical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Andreas Holzinger , André Carrington , Heimo Müller

Long-term memory is important for chatbots and dialogue systems (DS) to create consistent and human-like conversations, evidenced by numerous developed memory-augmented DS (MADS). To evaluate the effectiveness of such MADS, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Junqing He , Liang Zhu , Rui Wang , Xi Wang , Reza Haffari , Jiaxing Zhang

This paper introduces the SAMSum Corpus, a new dataset with abstractive dialogue summaries. We investigate the challenges it poses for automated summarization by testing several models and comparing their results with those obtained on a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Bogdan Gliwa , Iwona Mochol , Maciej Biesek , Aleksander Wawer

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across various domains, prompting a surge in their practical applications. However, concerns have arisen regarding the trustworthiness of LLMs outputs, particularly in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Danna Zheng , Danyang Liu , Mirella Lapata , Jeff Z. Pan

Coherence of text is an important attribute to be measured for both manually and automatically generated discourse; but well-defined quantitative metrics for it are still elusive. In this paper, we present a metric for scoring topical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-05 Disha Shrivastava , Abhijit Mishra , Karthik Sankaranarayanan

Although text-to-audio generation has made remarkable progress in realism and diversity, the development of evaluation metrics has not kept pace. Widely-adopted approaches, typically based on embedding similarity like CLAPScore, effectively…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-22 Chun-Yi Kuan , Kai-Wei Chang , Hung-yi Lee

Automated evaluation of text generation systems has recently seen increasing attention, particularly checking whether generated text stays truthful to input sources. Existing methods frequently rely on an evaluation using task-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Jing Fan , Dennis Aumiller , Michael Gertz

The causal capabilities of large language models (LLMs) are a matter of significant debate, with critical implications for the use of LLMs in societally impactful domains such as medicine, science, law, and policy. We conduct a "behavorial"…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Emre Kıcıman , Robert Ness , Amit Sharma , Chenhao Tan

Smooth and effective communication requires the ability to perform latent or explicit commonsense inference. Prior commonsense reasoning benchmarks (such as SocialIQA and CommonsenseQA) mainly focus on the discriminative task of choosing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Pei Zhou , Karthik Gopalakrishnan , Behnam Hedayatnia , Seokhwan Kim , Jay Pujara , Xiang Ren , Yang Liu , Dilek Hakkani-Tur

Existing automatic evaluation metrics for open-domain dialogue response generation systems correlate poorly with human evaluation. We focus on evaluating response generation systems via response selection. To evaluate systems properly via…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-30 Shiki Sato , Reina Akama , Hiroki Ouchi , Jun Suzuki , Kentaro Inui

Evaluating the quality of a dialogue system is an understudied problem. The recent evolution of evaluation method motivated this survey, in which an explicit and comprehensive analysis of the existing methods is sought. We are first to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-04 Xinmeng Li , Wansen Wu , Long Qin , Quanjun Yin

The ability to understand causality significantly impacts the competence of large language models (LLMs) in output explanation and counterfactual reasoning, as causality reveals the underlying data distribution. However, the lack of a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Yu Zhou , Xingyu Wu , Beicheng Huang , Jibin Wu , Liang Feng , Kay Chen Tan

Previous data-driven work investigating the types and distributions of discourse relation signals, including discourse markers such as 'however' or phrases such as 'as a result' has focused on the relative frequencies of signal words within…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Amir Zeldes , Yang Liu

Building dialogue systems requires a large corpus of annotated dialogues. Such datasets are usually created via crowdsourcing, which is expensive and time-consuming. In this paper, we propose \textsc{Dialogic}, a novel dialogue simulation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Zekun Li , Wenhu Chen , Shiyang Li , Hong Wang , Jing Qian , Xifeng Yan

The study of causal relationships between emotions and causes in texts has recently received much attention. Most works focus on extracting causally related clauses from documents. However, none of these works has considered that the causal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Xinhong Chen , Zongxi Li , Yaowei Wang , Haoran Xie , Jianping Wang , Qing Li

Conversational recommender systems (CRSs) integrate both recommendation and dialogue tasks, making their evaluation uniquely challenging. Existing approaches primarily assess CRS performance by separately evaluating item recommendation and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Nuo Chen , Quanyu Dai , Xiaoyu Dong , Piaohong Wang , Qinglin Jia , Zhaocheng Du , Zhenhua Dong , Xiao-Ming Wu

Although automated metrics are commonly used to evaluate NLG systems, they often correlate poorly with human judgements. Newer metrics such as BERTScore have addressed many weaknesses in prior metrics such as BLEU and ROUGE, which rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Ruibo Liu , Jason Wei , Soroush Vosoughi

Numerous benchmarks aim to evaluate the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) for causal inference and reasoning. However, many of them can likely be solved through the retrieval of domain knowledge, questioning whether they achieve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Linying Yang , Vik Shirvaikar , Oscar Clivio , Fabian Falck