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Outer satellites of the planets have distant, eccentric orbits that can be highly inclined or even retrograde relative to the equatorial planes of their planets. These irregular orbits cannot have formed by circumplanetary accretion and are…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Scott S. Sheppard

Terrestrial planetary systems may exist around nearby stars as the Earth-sized counterparts to the many giant planets already discovered within the solar neighborhood. In this chapter we first discuss the numerous techniques which have been…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 W. A. Traub , K. W. Jucks

Recently, a 30-cm object was discovered to graze the Earth's atmosphere and shift into a Jupiter-crossing orbit. We use the related survey parameters to calibrate the total number of such objects. The number of objects that could have…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-17 Amir Siraj , Abraham Loeb

We investigated the probability that an inelastic collision of planetesimals within the Hill sphere of the Jovian planets could explain the presence and orbits of observed irregular satellites. Capture of these satellites via this mechanism…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2012-08-31 F. Elliott Koch , Brad M. Hansen

The Capture Theory gives planet production through a tidal interaction between a condensed star and a diffuse protostar within a dense embedded cluster. Initial extensive and highly eccentric planetary orbits round-off and decay in a…

General Physics · Physics 2017-09-22 Michael Woolfson

We study the dynamical evolution of a satellite orbiting outside of a companion spherical galaxy. The satellite is subject to a back-reaction force resulting from the density fluctuations excited in the primary stellar system. We evaluate…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 M. Colpi

With n-body simulations, we model terrestrial circumbinary planet (CBP) formation with an initial surface density profile motivated by hydrodynamic circumbinary gas disc simulations. The binary plays an important role in shaping the initial…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-01 Anna C. Childs , Rebecca G. Martin

Binary systems are very common among field stars. While this relatively small number of planets in binaries is probably partly due to strong observational biases, there is, however, statistical evidence that planets are indeed less frequent…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-02-28 Francesco Marzari , Philippe Thebault

The majority of extrasolar planets discovered to date have significantly eccentric orbits, some if not all of which may have been produced through planetary migration. During this process, any planets interior to such an orbit would…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2009-12-11 Gareth F. Kennedy , Rosemary A. Mardling

A survey of currently known planet-hosting stars indicates that approximately 25% of extrasolar planetary systems are within dual-star environments. Several of these systems contain stellar companions on moderately close orbits, implying…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2009-08-25 Nader Haghighipour

Recent analyses have shown that the concluding stages of giant planet formation are accompanied by the development of large-scale meridional flow of gas inside the planetary Hill sphere. This circulation feeds a circumplanetary disk that…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-27 Konstantin Batygin , Alessandro Morbidelli

The occurrence of planets in binary star systems has been investigated via a variety of techniques that sample a wide range of semi-major axes, but with a preponderance of such results applicable to planets with semi-major axes less than a…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-22 B. Zuckerman

Moderately close binaries are a special class of targets for planet searches. From a theoretical standpoint, their hospitality to giant planets is uncertain and debated. From an observational standpoint, many of these systems present…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 A. Eggenberger

We investigate an in-situ formation scenario for Earth-mass terrestrial planets in short-period, potentially habitable orbits around low-mass stars (M_star < 0.3 M_sun). We then investigate the feasibility of detecting these Earth-sized…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 Ryan Montgomery , Greg Laughlin

Many massive objects have been found in the outer region of the Solar system. How they were formed and evolved has not been well understood, although there have been intensive studies on accretion process of terrestrial planets. One of the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-22 Junko D. Kominami , Junichiro Makino

One of the most surprising discoveries of extrasolar planets is the detection of planets in moderately close binary star systems. The Jovian-type planets in the two binaries of Gamma Cephei and GJ 86 have brought to the forefront questions…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-29 Nader Haghighipour , Steinn Sigurdsson , Jack Lissauer , Sean Raymond

Several stars show deep transits consistent with discs of roughly 1 Solar radius seen at moderate inclinations, likely surrounding planets on eccentric orbits. We show that this configuration arises naturally as a result of planet-planet…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-16 Alexander J. Mustill , Melvyn B. Davies , Matthew A. Kenworthy

The past decade has seen major progress in our understanding of terrestrial planet formation. Yet key questions remain. In this review we first address the growth of 100 km-scale planetesimals as a consequence of dust coagulation and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-12-05 Andre Izidoro , Sean N. Raymond

The history of the outer solar system is intrinsically related to the Giant Planets migration. A massive disk of material within a radius of 30~au was scattered during the planetary migration, creating different dynamic populations in the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-05 Felipe Braga-Ribas , Frederic Vachier , Josselin Desmars , Giuliano Margoti , Bruno Sicardy

Capture of interstellar objects (ISOs) into the Solar system is dominated by ISOs with asymptotic incoming speeds $v_\infty<4\,$km\,s$^{-1}$. The capture rate is proportional to the ISO phase-space density in the Solar vicinity and does not…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-01-05 Walter Dehnen , Thomas O. Hands , Ralph Schönrich