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Biomedical imaging datasets are often small and biased, meaning that real-world performance of predictive models can be substantially lower than expected from internal testing. This work proposes using generative image editing to simulate…

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the sheer volume of imaging performed in an emergency setting for COVID-19 diagnosis has resulted in a wide variability of clinical CXR acquisitions. This variation is seen in the CXR projections used, image…

Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) imaging is essential for diagnosing and monitoring thoracic diseases, including aortic pathologies. However, contrast agents pose risks such as nephrotoxicity and allergic-like reactions. The…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-08 Pouya Shiri , Xin Yi , Neel P. Mistry , Samaneh Javadinia , Mohammad Chegini , Seok-Bum Ko , Amirali Baniasadi , Scott J. Adams

This paper introduces an innovative methodology for producing high-quality 3D lung CT images guided by textual information. While diffusion-based generative models are increasingly used in medical imaging, current state-of-the-art…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-16 Yanwu Xu , Li Sun , Wei Peng , Shuyue Jia , Katelyn Morrison , Adam Perer , Afrooz Zandifar , Shyam Visweswaran , Motahhare Eslami , Kayhan Batmanghelich

Recent advances in Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DPMs) have set new standards in high-quality image synthesis. Yet, controlled generation remains challenging, particularly in sensitive areas such as medical imaging. Medical images feature…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Sarah Cechnicka , Matthew Baugh , Weitong Zhang , Mischa Dombrowski , Zhe Li , Johannes C. Paetzold , Candice Roufosse , Bernhard Kainz

Counterfactual generation for chest X-rays (CXR) aims to simulate plausible pathological changes while preserving patient-specific anatomy. However, diffusion-based editing methods often suffer from structural drift, where stable anatomical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Zichun Zhang , Weizhi Nie , Honglin Guo , Yuting Su

For a century, clinical X-ray imaging has visualised only the attenuation properties of tissue, which fundamentally limits the contrast, particularly in soft tissues like the breast. Imaging based on refraction can overcome this limitation,…

Discriminative classifiers have become a foundational tool in deep learning for medical imaging, excelling at learning separable features of complex data distributions. However, these models often need careful design, augmentation, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Gian Mario Favero , Parham Saremi , Emily Kaczmarek , Brennan Nichyporuk , Tal Arbel

Automated methods for detecting pulmonary embolisms (PEs) on CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) images are of high demand. Existing methods typically employ separate steps for PE candidate detection and false positive removal, without…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Yi Lin , Jianchao Su , Xiang Wang , Xiang Li , Jingen Liu , Kwang-Ting Cheng , Xin Yang

This paper proposes a novel framework for lung segmentation in chest X-rays. It consists of two key contributions, a criss-cross attention based segmentation network and radiorealistic chest X-ray image synthesis (i.e. a synthesized…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-22 Youbao Tang , Yuxing Tang , Jing Xiao , Ronald M. Summers

Purpose: This study aimed to develop an open-source multimodal large language model (CXR-LLAVA) for interpreting chest X-ray images (CXRs), leveraging recent advances in large language models (LLMs) to potentially replicate the image…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Seowoo Lee , Jiwon Youn , Hyungjin Kim , Mansu Kim , Soon Ho Yoon

COVID-19 is a new pulmonary disease which is driving stress to the hospitals due to the large number of cases worldwide. Imaging of lungs can play a key role in monitoring of the healthy status. Non-contrast chest computed tomography (CT)…

Chest X-Ray (CXR) is a widely used clinical imaging modality and has a pivotal role in the diagnosis and prognosis of various lung and heart related conditions. Conventional automated clinical diagnostic tool design strategies relying on…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-26 Abhijeet Parida , Daniel Capellan-Martin , Sara Atito , Muhammad Awais , Maria J. Ledesma-Carbayo , Marius G. Linguraru , Syed Muhammad Anwar

Iodinated contrast media is essential for dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) angiography. Previous studies show that iodinated contrast media may cause side effects, and the interruption of the supply chain in 2022 led to a severe…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-28 Qing Lyu , Josh Tan , Megan E. Lipford , Chuang Niu , Micheal E. Zapadka , Christopher M. Lack , Jonathan D. Clemente , Christopher T. Whitlow , Ge Wang

Dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced (DSC) MRI or perfusion-MRI plays an important role in the non-invasive assessment of tumor vascularity. However, the large number of images provided by the method makes display and…

General Physics · Physics 2007-11-20 Friso Hoefnagels , Keith S Cover , Ester Sanchez , Frank J. Lagerwaard

Recent advances in computer vision have shown promising results in image generation. Diffusion probabilistic models in particular have generated realistic images from textual input, as demonstrated by DALL-E 2, Imagen and Stable Diffusion.…

Diffusion Tensor Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (DT-CMR) is the only in vivo method to non-invasively examine the microstructure of the human heart. Current research in DT-CMR aims to improve the understanding of how the cardiac microstructure…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-19 Yinzhe Wu , Jiahao Huang , Fanwen Wang , Pedro Ferreira , Andrew Scott , Sonia Nielles-Vallespin , Guang Yang

To enable more accurate diagnosis of lung disease in chest CT scans, we propose a straightforward yet effective model. Firstly, we analyze the characteristics of 3D CT scans and remove non-lung regions, which helps the model focus on…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-02 Qingqiu Li , Runtian Yuan , Junlin Hou , Jilan Xu , Yuejie Zhang , Rui Feng , Hao Chen

The availability of large-scale chest X-ray datasets is a requirement for developing well-performing deep learning-based algorithms in thoracic abnormality detection and classification. However, biometric identifiers in chest radiographs…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-28 Kai Packhäuser , Lukas Folle , Florian Thamm , Andreas Maier

Medical image classification poses unique challenges due to the long-tailed distribution of diseases, the co-occurrence of diagnostic findings, and the multiple views available for each study or patient. This paper introduces our solution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Dongkyun Kim