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This paper addresses the challenge of automatically classifying text according to political leaning and politicalness using transformer models. We compose a comprehensive overview of existing datasets and models for these tasks, finding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Matous Volf , Jakub Simko

Dataset distillation aims to synthesize a compact yet representative dataset that preserves the essential characteristics of the original data for efficient model training. Existing methods mainly focus on improving data-synthetic alignment…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Jiacheng Cui , Zhaoyi Li , Xiaochen Ma , Xinyue Bi , Yaxin Luo , Zhiqiang Shen

Audio generation has attracted significant attention. Despite remarkable enhancement in audio quality, existing models overlook diversity evaluation. This is partially due to the lack of a systematic sound class diversity framework and a…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Baihan Li , Zeyu Xie , Xuenan Xu , Yiwei Guo , Ming Yan , Ji Zhang , Kai Yu , Mengyue Wu

Despite the recent successes of transformer-based models in terms of effectiveness on a variety of tasks, their decisions often remain opaque to humans. Explanations are particularly important for tasks like offensive language or toxicity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Tong Xiang , Sean MacAvaney , Eugene Yang , Nazli Goharian

We present ToTTo, an open-domain English table-to-text dataset with over 120,000 training examples that proposes a controlled generation task: given a Wikipedia table and a set of highlighted table cells, produce a one-sentence description.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Ankur P. Parikh , Xuezhi Wang , Sebastian Gehrmann , Manaal Faruqui , Bhuwan Dhingra , Diyi Yang , Dipanjan Das

Large pre-trained models have transformed machine learning, yet adapting these models effectively to exhibit precise, concept-specific behaviors remains a significant challenge. Task vectors, defined as the difference between fine-tuned and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Hamed Damirchi , Ehsan Abbasnejad , Zhen Zhang , Javen Shi

Can neural networks be applied in voting theory, while satisfying the need for transparency in collective decisions? We propose axiomatic deep voting: a framework to build and evaluate neural networks that aggregate preferences, using the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Levin Hornischer , Zoi Terzopoulou

As Machine Learning models continue to be relied upon for making automated decisions, the issue of model bias becomes more and more prevalent. In this paper, we approach training a text classifica-tion model and optimize on bias…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-19 Apik Ashod Zorian , Chandra Shekar Bikkanur

Toxic content detection in online communication remains a significant challenge, with current solutions often inadvertently blocking valuable information, including medical terms and text related to minority groups. This paper presents a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Melania Berbatova , Tsvetoslav Vasev

The rapid growth of live-streaming platforms such as Twitch has introduced complex challenges in moderating toxic behavior. Traditional moderation approaches, such as human annotation and keyword-based filtering, have demonstrated utility,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Baktash Ansari , Elias Martin , Afra Mashhadi

Despite extensive research on toxic speech detection in text, a critical gap remains in handling spoken Mandarin audio. The lack of annotated datasets that capture the unique prosodic cues and culturally specific expressions in Mandarin…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-22 Yu-Xiang Luo , Yi-Cheng Lin , Ming-To Chuang , Jia-Hung Chen , I-Ning Tsai , Pei Xing Kiew , Yueh-Hsuan Huang , Chien-Feng Liu , Yu-Chen Chen , Bo-Han Feng , Wenze Ren , Hung-yi Lee

An important component of achieving language understanding is mastering the composition of sentence meaning, but an immediate challenge to solving this problem is the opacity of sentence vector representations produced by current neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-12 Allyson Ettinger , Ahmed Elgohary , Colin Phillips , Philip Resnik

Interpretations of a single sentence can vary, particularly when its context is lost. This paper aims to simulate how readers perceive content with varying toxicity levels by generating diverse interpretations of out-of-context sentences.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Maria Mihaela Trusca , Liesbeth Allein

Effective toxic content detection relies heavily on high-quality and diverse data, which serve as the foundation for robust content moderation models. Synthetic data has become a common approach for training models across various NLP tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Zheng Hui , Zhaoxiao Guo , Hang Zhao , Juanyong Duan , Lin Ai , Yinheng Li , Julia Hirschberg , Congrui Huang

Toxicity detection has become core safety infrastructure for online moderation, dataset filtering, and deployed language-model systems. Yet most detectors still treat toxicity as an intrinsic property of isolated text. This position paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Sergei Berezin , Reza Farahbakhsh , Noel Crespi

Automatic detection of toxic language plays an essential role in protecting social media users, especially minority groups, from verbal abuse. However, biases toward some attributes, including gender, race, and dialect, exist in most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Yung-Sung Chuang , Mingye Gao , Hongyin Luo , James Glass , Hung-yi Lee , Yun-Nung Chen , Shang-Wen Li

The spectacular expansion of the Internet has led to the development of a new research problem in the field of natural language processing: automatic toxic comment detection, since many countries prohibit hate speech in public media. There…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-18 Ashwin Geet D'Sa , Irina Illina , Dominique Fohr

As black-box AI-driven decision-making systems become increasingly widespread in modern document processing workflows, improving their transparency and reliability has become critical, especially in high-stakes applications where biases or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Saifullah Saifullah , Stefan Agne , Andreas Dengel , Sheraz Ahmed

Toxicity annotators and content moderators often default to mental shortcuts when making decisions. This can lead to subtle toxicity being missed, and seemingly toxic but harmless content being over-detected. We introduce BiasX, a framework…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Yiming Zhang , Sravani Nanduri , Liwei Jiang , Tongshuang Wu , Maarten Sap

Collecting annotations from human raters often results in a trade-off between the quantity of labels one wishes to gather and the quality of these labels. As such, it is often only possible to gather a small amount of high-quality labels.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Neel Nanda , Jonathan Uesato , Sven Gowal
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