English
Related papers

Related papers: Extrapolating Pauli Checks for Expectation Value E…

200 papers

We propose a general framework for quantum error mitigation that combines and generalizes two techniques: probabilistic error cancellation (PEC) and zero-noise extrapolation (ZNE). Similarly to PEC, the proposed method represents ideal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-15 Andrea Mari , Nathan Shammah , William J. Zeng

Quantum error mitigation aims to reduce errors in quantum systems and improve accuracy. Zero-noise extrapolation (ZNE) is a commonly used method, where noise is amplified, and the target expectation is extrapolated to a noise-free point.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-04 Tian-Ren Jin , Yun-Hao Shi , Zheng-An Wang , Tian-Ming Li , Kai Xu , Heng Fan

Zero-noise extrapolation (ZNE) mitigates errors in near-term quantum devices by extrapolating measurements obtained at amplified noise levels to estimate noise-free expectation values. In practice, commonly used extrapolation models are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-28 Andriy Miranskyy , Adam Sorrenti , Jasmine Thind , Claude Gravel

Variational quantum circuits (VQCs) solving partial differential equations (PDEs) on near-term quantum hardware face a critical challenge: hardware noise degrades solution fidelity and disrupts convergence. We present a systematic study of…

Noise in quantum hardware remains the biggest roadblock for the implementation of quantum computers. To fight the noise in the practical application of near-term quantum computers, instead of relying on quantum error correction which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-14 Zhenyu Cai

We apply the quantum error detection scheme Pauli check sandwiching (PCS) to quantum networks by turning it into a distributed multiparty protocol. PCS provides protection on the targeted qubits and generally requires less resource overhead…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-01 Alvin Gonzales , Daniel Dilley , Bikun Li , Liang Jiang , Zain H. Saleem

We describe and analyze an error mitigation technique that uses multiple pairs of parity checks to detect the presence of errors. Each pair of checks uses one ancilla qubit to detect a component of the error operator and represents one…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-01 Alvin Gonzales , Ruslan Shaydulin , Zain Saleem , Martin Suchara

Quantum error mitigation is regarded as a possible path to near-term quantum utility. The methods under the quantum error mitigation umbrella term, such as probabilistic error cancellation (PEC), zero-noise extrapolation (ZNE) or Clifford…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Timon Scheiber , Paul Haubenwallner , Matthias Heller

In this work, we study and improve two leading error mitigation techniques, namely Probabilistic Error Cancellation (PEC) and Zero-Noise Extrapolation (ZNE), for estimating the expectation value of local observables. For PEC, we introduce a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-14 Minh C. Tran , Kunal Sharma , Kristan Temme

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is essential for the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era, and will remain relevant for early fault-tolerant quantum computers, where logical error rates are still significant. However, most QEM methods incur…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-25 Pablo Díez-Valle , Gaurav Saxena , Jack S. Baker , Jun-Ho Lee , Thi Ha Kyaw

Zero-noise extrapolation (ZNE) is an increasingly popular technique for mitigating errors in noisy quantum computations without using additional quantum resources. We review the fundamentals of ZNE and propose several improvements to noise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-15 Tudor Giurgica-Tiron , Yousef Hindy , Ryan LaRose , Andrea Mari , William J. Zeng

Quantum error mitigation is a crucial technique for suppressing errors especially in noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices, enabling more reliable quantum computation without the overhead of full error correction. Zero-Noise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-01 Boseon Kim , Wooyeong Song , Kwangil Bae , Wonhyuk Lee , IlKwon Sohn

Zero-noise extrapolation (ZNE) is a widely used quantum error mitigation technique that artificially amplifies circuit noise and then extrapolates the results to the noise-free circuit. A common ZNE approach is Richardson extrapolation,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-19 Pegah Mohammadipour , Xiantao Li

Recent thousand-qubit processors represent a significant hardware advancement, but current limitations prevent effective quantum error correction (QEC), necessitating reliance on quantum error mitigation (QEM) to enhance result fidelity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-12 Leanghok Hour , Myeongseong Go , Youngsun Han

Quantum Volume is a full-stack benchmark for near-term quantum computers. It quantifies the largest size of a square circuit which can be executed on the target device with reasonable fidelity. Error mitigation is a set of techniques…

Zero-noise extrapolation (ZNE), a technique to estimate quantum circuit expectation values through noise scaling and extrapolation, is well-studied in the context of quantum computing. We examine the applicability of ZNE to the field of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-28 John S. Van Dyke , Zackary White , Gregory Quiroz

Classical shadows enable us to learn many properties of a quantum state $\rho$ with very few measurements. However, near-term and early fault-tolerant quantum computers will only be able to prepare noisy quantum states $\rho$ and it is thus…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-16 Hamza Jnane , Jonathan Steinberg , Zhenyu Cai , H. Chau Nguyen , Bálint Koczor

Generating samples from the output distribution of a quantum circuit is a ubiquitous task used as a building block of many quantum algorithms. Here we show how to accomplish this task on a noisy quantum processor lacking full-blown error…

Current quantum computers suffer from a level of noise that prohibits extracting useful results directly from longer computations. The figure of merit in many near-term quantum algorithms is an expectation value measured at the end of the…

Probabilistic error cancellation (PEC) is unbiased but suffers exponential sampling overhead set by noise-weighted circuit volume, whereas quantum error-detecting codes (QEDCs) remove many physical faults by stabilizer post-selection but…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Yi Yuan , Yuanchen Zhao , Dong E. Liu
‹ Prev 1 2 3 10 Next ›