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Until fault-tolerance becomes implementable at scale, quantum computing will heavily rely on noise mitigation techniques. While methods such as zero noise extrapolation with probabilistic error amplification (ZNE-PEA) and probabilistic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-25 Sergei Filippov , Matea Leahy , Matteo A. C. Rossi , Guillermo García-Pérez

Quantum computers in the NISQ era are prone to noise. A range of quantum error mitigation techniques has been proposed to address this issue. Zero-noise extrapolation (ZNE) stands out as a promising one. ZNE involves increasing the noise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-01 Hrushikesh Patil , Peiyi Li , Ji Liu , Huiyang Zhou

Near term quantum processors operate in a noise dominated regime, motivating error mitigation techniques that recover accurate expectation values without full fault tolerance. Zero Noise Extrapolation (ZNE) is a widely used but biased error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Debarthi Pal , Yogesh Simmhan

We present a simple, malleable and low-overhead approach for improving generic biased quantum error mitigation (QEM) methods, achieving up to 15% fidelity improvements over standard QEM on 100-qubit circuits with up to 2000 entangling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-12 Joseph Harris , Kevin Lively , Peter Schuhmacher

Uncertainty quantification (UQ) has received much attention in the literature in the past decade. In this context, Sparse Polynomial chaos expansions (PCE) have been shown to be among the most promising methods because of their ability to…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-03-17 N. Fajraoui , S. Marelli , B. Sudret

Pauli Correlation Encoding (PCE) compresses $m$ binary variables onto $n=O(m^{1/k})$ qubits by mapping them to commuting Pauli correlators, but its continuous expectation values must be decoded into feasible binary solutions, a challenge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-20 Triet Friedhoff , Mihir Metkar , Wade Davis , Vaibhaw Kumar , Alexey Galda

Zero-noise extrapolation provides a practical means of suppressing gate errors in current noisy intermediate-scale quantum hardware. The accuracy of the zero-noise estimate depends sensitively on the fidelity of the assumed noise model to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Tao Wang , Yun Shang

Current benchmarks for mid-circuit measurements (MCMs) are limited in scalability or the types of error they can quantify, necessitating new techniques for quantifying their performance. Here, we introduce a theory for learning Pauli noise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-18 Jordan Hines , Timothy Proctor

A widely used method for mitigating errors in noisy quantum computers is Richardson extrapolation, a technique in which the overall effect of noise on the estimation of quantum expectation values is captured by a single parameter that,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-23 Vincent Russo , Andrea Mari

Quantum processing units (QPUs) are highly heterogeneous in terms of physical qubit performance. To add even more complexity, drift in quantum noise landscapes has been well-documented. This makes resource allocation a challenging problem…

We consider Zero Noise Extrapolation (ZNE) as an error mitigation strategy in quantum metrology. It is shown that noise expansion can be systematically performed over sufficiently short time scales for general Markovian noise models…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-15 Zhuo Zhao , Kok Chuan Tan

Current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) trapped-ion devices are subject to errors which can significantly impact the accuracy of calculations if left unchecked. A form of error mitigation called zero noise extrapolation (ZNE) can…

It is vital to minimise the impact of errors for near-future quantum devices that will lack the resources for full fault tolerance. Two quantum error mitigation (QEM) techniques have been introduced recently, namely error extrapolation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-01 Suguru Endo , Simon C. Benjamin , Ying Li

The accumulation of noise in quantum computers is the dominant issue stymieing the push of quantum algorithms beyond their classical counterparts. We do not expect to be able to afford the overhead required for quantum error correction in…

Quantum computers have enabled solving problems beyond the current computers' capabilities. However, this requires handling noise arising from unwanted interactions in these systems. Several protocols have been proposed to address efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-14 Ali Shaib , Mohamad H. Naim , Mohammed E. Fouda , Rouwaida Kanj , Fadi Kurdahi

Polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) is a versatile tool widely used in uncertainty quantification and machine learning, but its successful application depends strongly on the accuracy and reliability of the resulting PCE-based response…

Computation · Statistics 2023-06-14 Paul-Christian Bürkner , Ilja Kröker , Sergey Oladyshkin , Wolfgang Nowak

Polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) is a powerful surrogate model-based reliability analysis method. Generally, a PCE model with a higher expansion order is usually required to obtain an accurate surrogate model for some complex non-linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Xiaohu Zheng , Wen Yao , Yunyang Zhang , Xiaoya Zhang

With sub-threshold quantum error correction on quantum hardware still out of reach, quantum error mitigation methods are currently deemed an attractive option for implementing certain applications on near-term noisy quantum devices. One…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-01 Wenbo Shi , Robert Malaney

Distilling precise estimates from noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) data has recently attracted considerable attention. In order to augment digital qubit metrics, such as gate fidelity, we discuss analog error mitigability, i.e. the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-15 J. W. O. Garmon , R. C. Pooser , E. F. Dumitrescu

The large-scale integration of renewable energy sources introduces significant operational uncertainty into power systems. Although Polynomial Chaos Expansion (PCE) provides an efficient tool for uncertainty quantification (UQ) in power…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-24 Le Fang , Wangkun Xu , Fei Teng