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High-dimensional quantum key distribution (QKD) offers secure communication, with secure key rates that surpass those achievable by QKD protocols utilizing two-dimensional encoding. However, existing high-dimensional QKD protocols require…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two remote users to establish a secret key in the presence of an eavesdropper. The users share quantum states prepared in two mutually-unbiased bases: one to generate the key while the other monitors…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-03 Nurul T. Islam , Charles Ci Wen Lim , Clinton Cahall , Jungsang Kim , Daniel J. Gauthier

We consider a continuous-variable (CV) quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol over free-space channels, which is simpler and more robust than typical CV QKD protocols. It uses a bright laser, squeezed and modulated in the amplitude…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-14 Nedasadat Hosseinidehaj , Matthew S. Winnel , Timothy C. Ralph

A Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) network is an infrastructure capable of performing long-distance and high-rate secret key agreement with information-theoretic security. In this paper we study security properties of QKD networks based on…

Multi-carrier continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) is considered to be a promising way to boost the secret key rate (SKR) over the existing single-carrier CV-QKD scheme. However, the extra excess noise induced in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-22 Heng Wang , Yan Pan , Yun Shao , Yaodi Pi , Ting Ye , Yang Li , Tao Zhang , Jinlu Liu , Jie Yang , Li Ma , Wei Huang , Bingjie Xu

We introduce a robust scheme for long-distance continuous-variable (CV) measurement-device-independent (MDI) quantum key distribution (QKD) in which we employ post-selection between distant parties communicating through the medium of an…

The security of conventional cryptography systems is threatened in the forthcoming era of quantum computers. Quantum key distribution (QKD) features fundamentally proven security and offers a promising option for quantum-proof cryptography…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-29 Nurul T. Islam , Charles Ci Wen Lim , Clinton Cahall , Jungsang Kim , Daniel J. Gauthier

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows for secure communications safe against attacks by quantum computers. QKD protocols are performed by sending a sizeable, but finite, number of quantum signals between the distant parties involved. Many…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-05 Darius Bunandar , Luke C. G. Govia , Hari Krovi , Dirk R. Englund

Quantum key distribution (QKD) serves as a cornerstone of secure quantum communication, providing unconditional security grounded in quantum mechanics. While trusted-node networks have facilitated early QKD deployment, their vulnerability…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-10 Jingyang Liu , Xingyu Zhou , Huajian Ding , Jiaxin Xu , Chunhui Zhang , Jian Li , Qin Wang

Quantum key distribution (QKD) offers a reliable solution to communication problems that require long-term data security. For its widespread use, however, the rate and reach of QKD systems must be improved. Twin-field (TF) QKD is a step…

Quantum key distribution relying on the principles of quantum mechanics enables two parties to produce a shared random secret key, thereby ensuring the security of data transmission. Continuous variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-05 Dengke Qi , Xiangyu Wang , Jiayu Ma , Zhenghua Li , Ziyang Chen , Yueming Lu , Song Yu

Extending the functionality and overcoming the performance limitation under which QKD can operate requires either quantum repeaters or new security models. Investigating the latter option, we introduce the \textit{Quantum Computational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-22 Nilesh Vyas , Romain Alleaume

We investigate the main limitations which prevent the continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocols from achieving long distances in the finite-size setting. We propose a double-modulation protocol which allows using each state for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-22 László Ruppert , Vladyslav C. Usenko , Radim Filip

In continuous-variable (CV) QKD with optical coherent detection, the widely adopted \textit{trusted detector noise} model improves both the secret key rate and the transmission distance. This model assumes that detector noise is inherently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-14 Shihong Pan , Dimitri Monokandylos , Bing Qi

High-dimensional quantum key distribution (HD-QKD) offers a promising approach to enhance secret key rates beyond conventional binary-encoded QKD, addressing the growing demand for secure data transmission. However, the practical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-16 Yang Zhou , Xing-Yu Zhou , Shu-Fan Wu , Qiang Zeng , Zhi-Liang Yuan , Qin Wang

Mediated semi-quantum key distribution (M-SQKD) permits two limited "semi-quantum" or "classical" users to establish a secret key with the help of a third party (TP), in which TP has fully quantum power and may be untrusted. Several…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-07 Chong-Qiang Ye , Jian Li , Xiu-Bo Chen , Yan-Yan Hou

Parameter estimation is a critical step in continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD), especially in the finite-size regime where worst-case confidence intervals can significantly reduce the achievable secret-key rate. We provide…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is the best candidate for securing communications against attackers, who may in the future exploit quantum-enhanced computational powers to break classical encryption. As such, new challenges are arising from…

Quantum key distribution provides secure keys with information-theoretic security ensured by the principle of quantum mechanics. The continuous-variable version of quantum key distribution using coherent states offers the advantages of its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-09 Yichen Zhang , Yiming Bian , Zhengyu Li , Song Yu , Hong Guo

We give the first composable security proof for continuous-variable quantum key distribution with coherent states against collective attacks. Crucially, in the limit of large blocks the secret key rate converges to the usual value computed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-06 Anthony Leverrier