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People with type 1 diabetes (T1D) struggle to calculate the optimal insulin dose at mealtime, especially when under multiple daily injections (MDI) therapy. Effectively, they will not always perform rigorous and precise calculations, but…
People with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) require regular exogenous infusion of insulin to maintain their blood glucose concentration in a therapeutically adequate target range. Although the artificial pancreas and continuous glucose monitoring…
People with type 1 diabetes (T1D) lack the ability to produce the insulin their bodies need. As a result, they must continually make decisions about how much insulin to self-administer to adequately control their blood glucose levels.…
In this paper we investigate the use of model-based reinforcement learning to assist people with Type 1 Diabetes with insulin dose decisions. The proposed architecture consists of multiple Echo State Networks to predict blood glucose levels…
While the Artificial Pancreas is effective in regulating the blood glucose in the safe range of 70-180 mg/dl in type 1 diabetic patients, the high intra-patient variability, as well as exogenous meal disturbances, poses a serious challenge.…
Patients with diabetes who are self-monitoring have to decide right before each meal how much insulin they should take. A standard bolus advisor exists, but has never actually been proven to be optimal in any sense. We challenged this rule…
Automated insulin delivery for Type 1 Diabetes must balance glucose control and safety under uncertain meals and physiological variability. While reinforcement learning (RL) enables adaptive personalization, existing approaches struggle to…
We propose a dual-hormone delivery strategy by exploiting deep reinforcement learning (RL) for people with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). Specifically, double dilated recurrent neural networks (RNN) are used to learn the hormone delivery strategy,…
Patients with Type I Diabetes (T1D) must take insulin injections to prevent the serious long term effects of hyperglycemia - high blood glucose (BG). Patients must also be careful not to inject too much insulin because this could induce…
This paper presents a novel multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL) approach for personalized glucose control in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The method employs a closed-loop system consisting of a blood glucose (BG) metabolic…
Managing physiological variables within clinically safe target zones is a central challenge in healthcare, particularly for chronic conditions such as Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). Reinforcement learning (RL) offers promise for…
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) management requires continuous adjustment of insulin and lifestyle behaviors to maintain blood glucose within a safe target range. Although automated insulin delivery (AID) systems have improved glycemic outcomes, many…
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) affects millions worldwide, requiring continuous monitoring to prevent severe hypo- and hyperglycemic events. While continuous glucose monitoring has improved blood glucose management, deploying predictive models on…
Effective management of Type 1 Diabetes requires continuous glucose monitoring and precise insulin adjustments to prevent hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. With the growing adoption of wearable glucose monitors and mobile health applications,…
High quality real world datasets are essential for advancing data driven approaches in type 1 diabetes (T1D) management, including personalized therapy design, digital twin systems, and glucose prediction models. However, progress in this…
People with diabetes need insulin delivery to effectively manage their blood glucose levels, especially after meals, because their bodies either do not produce enough insulin or cannot fully utilize it. Accurate insulin delivery starts with…
The growing worldwide incidence of diabetes requires more effective approaches for managing blood glucose levels. Insulin delivery systems have advanced significantly, with artificial intelligence (AI) playing a key role in improving their…
In this paper, we study the problem of blood glucose forecasting and provide a deep personalized solution. Predicting blood glucose level in people with diabetes has significant value because health complications of abnormal glucose level…
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease leading to insulin insufficiency. Thus, patients require lifelong insulin therapy, which has a side effect of hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia is a critical state of decreased blood glucose levels…
Despite recent advances in insulin preparations and technology, adjusting insulin remains an ongoing challenge for the majority of people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and longstanding type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this study, we propose the…