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Although relativistic heavy-ion collisions have emerged as a powerful probe for studying nuclear structure, the potential influence of nucleon-nucleon short-range correlations (NN-SRCs) on the initial state has remained an open question. By…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-12-01 Pei Li , Kai-Jia Sun , Bo Zhou , Guo-Liang Ma

Collisions of isobar nuclei, those with the same mass number but different structure parameters, provide a new way to probe the initial condition of the heavy ion collisions. Using transport model simulation of $^{96}$Ru+$^{96}$Ru and…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-10-10 Somadutta Bhatta , Chunjian Zhang , Jiangyong Jia

In high-energy heavy-ion collisions, the initial condition of the produced quark-gluon plasma (QGP) and its evolution are sensitive to collective nuclear structure parameters describing the shape and radial profiles of the nuclei. We find a…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-06-27 Jiangyong Jia , Chun-Jian Zhang

High-energy nuclear collisions encompass three key stages: the structure of the colliding nuclei informed by low-energy nuclear physics, the initial condition (IC) leading to the formation of quark-gluon plasma (QGP), and the hydrodynamic…

Relativistic isobar ($^{96}_{44}$Ru+$^{96}_{44}$Ru and $^{96}_{40}$Zr+$^{96}_{40}$Zr) collisions have revealed intricate differences in their nuclear size and shape, inspiring unconventional studies of nuclear structure using relativistic…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-07-08 Jian-fei Wang , Hao-jie Xu , Fuqiang Wang

We briefly review advances in understanding the initial stages of a heavy ion collision. In particular the focus is on moving from parametrizing the initial state to calculating its properties from QCD, consistently with the description of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-09-16 T. Lappi

In hydrodynamicalmodeling of heavy-ion collisions the initial state spatial anisotropies translate into momentum anisotropies of the final state particle distributions. Thus, understanding the origin of the initial anisotropies and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2012-06-26 M. Alvioli , H. Holopainen , K. J. Eskola , M. Strikman

Many probes are proposed to determine the quark-gluon plasma and explore its properties in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Some of them are related to initial states of the collisions, such as collective flow, Hanbury-Brown-Twiss…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2022-11-29 Yu-Gang Ma , Song Zhang

We investigate the effect of nucleon-nucleon correlations on the initial condition of ultra-central heavy ion collisions at LHC energies. We calculate the eccentricities of the MC-Glauber and IP-Glasma models in the 0--1% centrality class…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2014-07-01 G. S. Denicol , C. Gale , S. Jeon , J. -F. Paquet , B. Schenke

The initial conditions in high energy nucleus-nucleus collisions are determined by the small momentum fraction part of the nuclear wavefunction. This is the regime of gluon saturation and the most direct way to experimentally study it would…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-18 T. Lappi

Smashing nuclei at ultrarelativistic speeds and analyzing the momentum distribution of outgoing debris provides a powerful method to probe the many-body properties of the incoming nuclear ground states. Within a perturbative description of…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-04-04 Thomas Duguet , Giuliano Giacalone , Sangyong Jeon , Alexander Tichai

An open question in the field of heavy-ion collisions is to what extent the size of initial inhomogeneities in the system affects measured observables. Here we present a method to smooth out these inhomogeneities with minimal effect on…

We suggest that the ultrarelativistic collisions of heavy ions provide the simplest situation for the study of strong interactions which can be understood from first principles and without any model assumptions about the microscopic…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-31 A. Makhlin

In hydrodynamical modeling of heavy-ion collisions, the initial-state spatial anisotropies are translated into momentum anisotropies of the final-state particle distributions. Thus, understanding the origin of the initial-state anisotropies…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2012-03-12 M. Alvioli , H. Holopainen , K. J. Eskola , M. Strikman

We discuss recent progress towards developing accurate initial state descriptions for heavy ion collisions focusing on weak coupling based approaches, that enable one to constrain the high-energy structure of nuclei from deep inelastic…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-12-14 Heikki Mäntysaari

The equation of state of nuclear matter, momentum dependence of the effective interaction and in-medium modification of elastic nucleon-nucleon cross-sections are studied by comparing theoretical predictions for stopping, directed and…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-07-25 Dan Cozma

Hydrodynamic models fail to describe the near-equal $v_2/v_3$ ratio observed in ultra-central heavy-ion collisions, despite their success in other centrality classes. This discrepancy stems from shear viscosity suppressing higher-order…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-04-29 Qi Wang , Long-Gang Pang , Xin-Nian Wang

Using quantum molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the formation of fragments in symmetric reactions between beam energies of E=30AMeV and 600AMeV. After a comparison with existing data we investigate some observables relevant to…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Pol Bernard Gossiaux , Joerg Aichelin

In ultrarelativistic heavy-ion experiments, one estimates the centrality of a collision by using a single observable, say $n$, typically given by the transverse energy or the number of tracks observed in a dedicated detector. The…

This study employs the isospin-dependent Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck model to simulate intermediate-energy heavy-ion collisions between prolate nuclei $^{24}$Mg. The emphasis is on investigating the influence of centrality and orientation…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-09-12 Xiao-Hua Fan , Zu-Xing Yang , Peng-Hui Chen , Shunji Nishimura , Zhi-Pan Li
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