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Recent large language models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities in handling long contexts, some exhibiting near-perfect recall on synthetic retrieval tasks. However, these evaluations have mainly focused on English text and involved…

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The potential of large language models (LLMs) in specialized domains such as legal risk analysis remains underexplored. In response to growing interest in locally deploying open-source LLMs for legal tasks while preserving data…

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Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in the legal domain, with GPT-4 even passing the Uniform Bar Exam in the U.S. However their efficacy remains limited for non-standardized tasks and tasks in languages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Yeeun Kim , Young Rok Choi , Eunkyung Choi , Jinhwan Choi , Hai Jin Park , Wonseok Hwang

In the rapidly evolving field of legal analytics, finding relevant cases and accurately predicting judicial outcomes are challenging because of the complexity of legal language, which often includes specialized terminology, complex syntax,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Dong Shu , Haoran Zhao , Xukun Liu , David Demeter , Mengnan Du , Yongfeng Zhang

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has enabled new possibilities for applying artificial intelligence within the legal domain. Nonetheless, the complexity, hierarchical organization, and frequent revisions of Vietnamese…

Hong Kong case law translation presents significant challenges: manual methods suffer from high costs and inconsistent quality, while both traditional machine translation and approaches relying solely on Large Language Models (LLMs) often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Xi Xuan , Chunyu Kit

Legal services rely heavily on text processing. While large language models (LLMs) show promise, their application in legal contexts demands higher accuracy, repeatability, and transparency. Logic programs, by encoding legal concepts as…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Manuj Kant , Sareh Nabi , Manav Kant , Roland Scharrer , Megan Ma , Marzieh Nabi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential in diverse domains, yet their application in the legal sector, particularly in low-resource contexts, remains limited. This study addresses the challenges of adapting LLMs…

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As software-intensive systems face growing pressure to comply with laws and regulations, providing automated support for compliance analysis has become paramount. Despite advances in the Requirements Engineering (RE) community on legal…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Shabnam Hassani , Mehrdad Sabetzadeh , Daniel Amyot , Jain Liao

Smart contracts can implement and automate parts of legal contracts, but ensuring their legal compliance remains challenging. Existing approaches such as formal specification, verification, and model-based development require expertise in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Chanuka Wijayakoon , Hai Dong , H. M. N. Dilum Bandara , Zahir Tari , Anurag Soin

In recent years, the rapid proliferation of open-source large language models (LLMs) has spurred efforts to turn general-purpose models into domain specialists. However, many domain-specialized LLMs are developed using datasets and training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Youngjoon Jang , Chanhee Park , Hyeonseok Moon , Young-kyoung Ham , Jiwon Moon , Jinhyeon Kim , JuKyung Jung , Heuiseok Lim

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated great potential for domain-specific applications, such as the law domain. However, recent disputes over GPT-4's law evaluation raise questions concerning their performance in real-world legal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Ruihao Shui , Yixin Cao , Xiang Wang , Tat-Seng Chua

Large language models (LLMs) are deployed on increasingly complex tasks that require multi-step decision-making. Understanding their algorithmic reasoning abilities is therefore crucial. However, we lack a diagnostic benchmark for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Yu He , Yingxi Li , Colin White , Ellen Vitercik

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced legal intelligence, but the scarcity of scenario data impedes the progress toward interactive legal scenarios. This paper introduces a Multi-agent Legal Simulation Driver (MASER) to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Shengbin Yue , Ting Huang , Zheng Jia , Siyuan Wang , Shujun Liu , Yun Song , Xuanjing Huang , Zhongyu Wei

We present Legal Argument Reasoning (LAR), a novel task designed to evaluate the legal reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). The task requires selecting the correct next statement (from multiple choice options) in a chain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Odysseas S. Chlapanis , Dimitrios Galanis , Ion Androutsopoulos

Legal Case Retrieval (LCR), which retrieves relevant cases from a query case, is a fundamental task for legal professionals in research and decision-making. However, existing studies on LCR face two major limitations. First, they are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Chaeeun Kim , Jinu Lee , Wonseok Hwang

Syllogistic reasoning is crucial for sound legal decision-making, allowing legal professionals to draw logical conclusions by applying general principles to specific case facts. While large language models (LLMs) can answer legal questions,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Kepu Zhang , Weijie Yu , Zhongxiang Sun , Jun Xu

The advent of large language models (LLMs) and their adoption by the legal community has given rise to the question: what types of legal reasoning can LLMs perform? To enable greater study of this question, we present LegalBench: a…

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown the promise to significantly accelerate the workflow by automating structural modeling and analysis. However, existing studies primarily focus on enabling LLMs to operate a single…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Ziheng Geng , Jiachen Liu , Ian Franklin , Ran Cao , Dan M. Frangopol , Minghui Cheng

This study examines the application of artificial intelligence (AI) and large language models (LLM) to improve access to legal texts in Senegal's judicial system. The emphasis is on the difficulties of extracting and organizing legal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Oumar Kane , Mouhamad M. Allaya , Dame Samb , Mamadou Bousso